Mills Jon
Psychology Program, Adler Graduate Professional School, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Hist Behav Sci. 2019 Jan;55(1):40-53. doi: 10.1002/jhbs.21945. Epub 2018 Dec 18.
This essay challenges the most basic tenet of Jung's analytical psychology, namely, the existence of the collective unconscious. Despite the fact that there are purported to be universal processes and ontological features of mind throughout all psychoanalytical schools of thought, Jung's is unique in the history of psychoanalytic ideas for positing a supraordinate, autonomous transpersonal psyche that remains the source, ground, and wellspring from which all unconscious and conscious manifestations derive. This bold claim is analyzed through a close inspection of Jung's texts that questions the philosophical justification for postulating a supernatural macroanthropos or reified collective mind. Pointing out the problems of agency and fallacies of hypostatization, it is not necessary to evoke a transpersonal cosmogony to explain how universality suffuses individual subjectivity within social collectives. Here we may conclude that the collective unconscious construct is a signifier for the common psychological dynamics and characteristics of shared humanity. In this sense, the myth of the collective unconscious is better understood as a metaphor for a higher abstraction or ideal principle ordained with numinous value.
本文对荣格分析心理学最基本的信条，即集体无意识的存在提出了挑战。尽管在所有精神分析思想流派中都据称存在着普遍的心理过程和本体特征，但荣格在精神分析思想史上却是独一无二的，他提出了一种超ordinate、自主的超个人心理，它仍然是所有无意识和有意识表现的来源、基础和源泉。通过仔细审视荣格的文本对这一大胆主张进行了分析，这些文本质疑了假定一个超自然的宏观人类或实体化的集体意识的哲学依据。指出了能动性问题和实体化的谬误，没有必要援引一个超个人的宇宙起源论来解释普遍性是如何在社会集体中渗透到个体主观性中的。在这里我们可以得出结论，集体无意识的建构是人类共同心理动力学和特征的一个能指。从这个意义上说，集体无意识的神话更好地被理解为一个具有神圣价值的更高抽象或理想原则的隐喻。
