EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2019 Feb;43(2):424-427. doi: 10.1038/s41366-018-0286-8. Epub 2018 Dec 19.
Childhood obesity estimates are steadily increasing worldwide. There is strong evidence that overweight children before puberty maintain this nutritional status for life. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence rates of overweight and obesity among children recruited as part of the Generation XXI birth cohort. Of the 8036 included children, 5497, 5397 and 4956 of them had follow-up measurements at 4, 7 and 10 years of age, respectively. The chi-square test, Student's t-test, and survival curves were estimated according to sex. The prevalence of overweight remained stable at 4 and 7 years of age (22.0% and 22.1%, respectively) and slightly increased at age 10 (26.1%). Conversely, obesity prevalence increased with age (from 10.6 to 16.8%). Overweight was more prevalent in girls at all follow-ups, whilst obesity was similar between sexes at ages 4 and 7 (p = 0.050 and p = 0.218, respectively) but was more prevalent in boys at age 10 (p = 0.017). The incidence of obesity between 4 and 7 years of age was 11.4/1000 person-years, decreasing to 3.2/1000 person-years between 7 and 10 years of age. Our results reveal a high prevalence/incidence of obesity mainly among 4 and 7-year-old children, heightening the need for interventions at early ages to effectively curb childhood obesity in Portugal.
儿童肥胖症的估计数在全球范围内稳步上升。有强有力的证据表明，青春期前超重的儿童将终生保持这种营养状态。本研究旨在估计 XX 世代出生队列中招募的儿童超重和肥胖的患病率和发病率。在 8036 名纳入的儿童中，分别有 5497、5397 和 4956 名儿童在 4、7 和 10 岁时有随访测量。根据性别估计了卡方检验、学生 t 检验和生存曲线。超重的患病率在 4 岁和 7 岁时保持稳定（分别为 22.0%和 22.1%），在 10 岁时略有上升（26.1%）。相反，肥胖的患病率随着年龄的增长而增加（从 10.6%增加到 16.8%）。超重在所有随访中在女孩中更为普遍，而肥胖在 4 岁和 7 岁时在性别之间相似（p=0.050 和 p=0.218），但在 10 岁时在男孩中更为普遍（p=0.017）。4 至 7 岁之间肥胖的发病率为 11.4/1000 人年，从 7 至 10 岁之间降至 3.2/1000 人年。我们的研究结果显示，肥胖的高患病率/发病率主要发生在 4 岁和 7 岁的儿童中，这就需要在早期进行干预，以有效遏制葡萄牙的儿童肥胖问题。
