Lin Li, Xing Guoqiang, Han Ying
Department of Neurology, XuanWu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Department of Imaging & Imaging Institute of Rehabilitation and Development of Brain Function, The Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2018 Dec 6;9:671. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00671. eCollection 2018.
The rapidly increasing number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide has become a major public concern. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), characterized with accelerated memory decline than normal aging, is a stage between cognitively unimpaired and dementia. Identification of MCI in the Alzheimer's continuum from normal aging, is important for early diagnosis and improved intervention of AD. The imaging technique has been extensively used for diagnose and understanding the mechanisms of MCI. Firstly, we review the recent progresses in the research framework of MCI depending on the clinical and/or biomarker findings. Secondly, we cover studies that use of rs-fMRI (resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging) for the brain activities and functional connectivity between normal aging and MCI. Other methodologies and multi-modal studies for investigating the mechanism and early diagnosis of MCI are also discussed. Finally, we discuss how genetic and environmental factors such as education could interact with in MCI. Overall, MCI is a heterogeneous state and employing resting state neuroimaging with other AD biomarker approaches will be able to target in the more precise population and AD-related pathology process.
全球范围内阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者数量的迅速增加已成为一个主要的公共关注点。轻度认知障碍（MCI）的特征是记忆衰退速度比正常衰老更快，它是认知未受损和痴呆之间的一个阶段。在从正常衰老到阿尔茨海默病的连续过程中识别MCI，对于AD的早期诊断和改善干预至关重要。成像技术已被广泛用于诊断和理解MCI的机制。首先，我们根据临床和/或生物标志物研究结果回顾MCI研究框架的最新进展。其次，我们涵盖了使用静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）研究正常衰老与MCI之间大脑活动和功能连接的研究。还讨论了用于研究MCI机制和早期诊断的其他方法和多模态研究。最后，我们讨论遗传和环境因素（如教育）如何在MCI中相互作用。总体而言，MCI是一种异质性状态，采用静息态神经成像与其他AD生物标志物方法将能够针对更精确的人群和AD相关病理过程。
