Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Engineering School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Mar;246:346-356. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.008. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
Antidepressant drugs such as Venlafaxine (VFX) and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODMVFX) are emerging contaminants that are commonly detected in aquatic environments, since conventional wastewater treatment plants are unable to completely remove them. They can be precursors of hazardous by-products, such as the carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), generated upon water chlorination, as they contain the dimethylamino moiety, necessary for the formation of NDMA. In this study, the capability of three white rot fungi (Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus) to remove both antidepressants from water and to decrease NDMA formation potential was investigated. Furthermore, transformation by-products (TPs) generated along the treatment process were elucidated and also correlated with their NDMA formation potential. Very promising results were obtained for T. versicolor and G. lucidum, both being able to remove up to 100% of ODMVFX. In the case of VFX, which is very recalcitrant to conventional wastewater treatment, a 70% of removal was achieved by T. versicolor, along with a reduction in NDMA formation potential, thus decreasing the associated problems for human health and the environment. However, the NDMA formation potential remained practically constant during treatment with G. lucidum despite of the equally high VFX removal (70%). This difference was attributed to the generation of different TPs during both fungal treatments. For example, G. lucidum generated more ODMVFX, which actually has a higher NDMA formation potential than the parent compound itself.
抗抑郁药，如文拉法辛（VFX）和 O-去甲文拉法辛（ODMVFX），是新兴的污染物，通常在水生环境中被检测到，因为传统的废水处理厂无法完全去除它们。它们可能是危险副产物的前体，如致癌的 N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA），当它们含有二甲基氨基部分时，在水氯化过程中会生成 NDMA。在这项研究中，三种白腐真菌（变色栓菌、灵芝和糙皮侧耳）从水中去除这两种抗抑郁药并降低 NDMA 形成潜力的能力。此外，还阐明了沿处理过程中生成的转化副产物（TPs），并将其与 NDMA 形成潜力相关联。变色栓菌和灵芝的结果非常有前景，两者都能够去除高达 100%的 ODMVFX。对于非常难以被传统废水处理去除的 VFX，变色栓菌的去除率达到了 70%，同时降低了 NDMA 形成潜力，从而减少了对人类健康和环境的相关问题。然而，尽管 VFX 的去除率同样高达 70%，但在灵芝处理过程中 NDMA 形成潜力实际上保持不变。这种差异归因于两种真菌处理过程中生成的不同 TPs。例如，灵芝生成了更多的 ODMVFX，它实际上比母体化合物本身具有更高的 NDMA 形成潜力。
