Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, Catania, Italy.
Chemical and Environmental Engineering Laboratory (LEQUIA), Institut de Medi Ambient, Campus Montilivi s/n, University of Girona, E-17071, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
Water Res. 2020 May 15;175:115682. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115682. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
This study investigates the potential of fluorescence excitation/emission matrices (EEM) measurement as a tool to predict N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation in water reuse applications. In particular, samples from a pilot-scale membrane biological reactor (MBR) followed by nanofiltration (NF) advanced water treatment plant, are used for the study. Concentrations of both, specific NDMA precursors and NDMA formation potential (FP) are correlated with different EEM peaks. The specific precursors investigated are: erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, venlafaxine, o-desmethylvenlafaxine, ranitidine and citalopram, while the NDMA FP is conventionally measured by the NDMA formation potential test. EEM peaks investigated are obtained by fluorescence regional integration as well as by the peak picking method generating I, I, I, I, and I peaks. Results showed that protein-like materials are correlated with the bulk NDMA FP and specific NDMA precursors. Additionally, selected fluorescence peaks such as I, I and I are strongly correlated with NDMA precursors throughout the MBR-NF pilot plant. The removal of NDMA precursors and EEM peaks also correlated well (R > 0.8). This data shows that fluorescence EEM can be a promising tool to monitor the concentration of NDMA precursors and their removal in water reuse application.
本研究探讨了荧光激发/发射矩阵（EEM）测量作为一种预测水再利用中 N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）形成的工具的潜力。特别是，使用来自中试规模膜生物反应器（MBR）和纳滤（NF）高级水处理厂的样品进行了研究。研究了两种特定的 NDMA 前体和 NDMA 形成潜力（FP）与不同 EEM 峰之间的相关性。研究的特定前体为：红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素、文拉法辛、O-去甲文拉法辛、雷尼替丁和西酞普兰，而 NDMA FP 通常通过 NDMA 形成潜力测试来测量。EEM 峰通过荧光区域积分以及通过峰提取方法生成 I、I、I、I 和 I 峰来获得。结果表明，蛋白质样物质与总 NDMA FP 和特定 NDMA 前体相关。此外，在整个 MBR-NF 中试工厂中，选定的荧光峰如 I、I 和 I 与 NDMA 前体具有很强的相关性。NDMA 前体和 EEM 峰的去除也很好地相关（R>0.8）。这些数据表明，荧光 EEM 可以成为监测水再利用中 NDMA 前体浓度及其去除的有前途的工具。
