State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China.
Environ Res. 2019 Mar;170:134-140. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.025. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
The bioaccessibility of environmental contaminants has been assessed widely using in vitro simulation; however, the physiological parameters used vary greatly. In this study, we assessed the influence of various physiological parameters and food material on the oral or inhalation bioaccessibility of PM-bound hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), including halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results showed that physiologically based pepsin and pancreatin have a small influence on the HOC liberation from particles. The bioaccessibility increased dramatically when the bile salt concentrations exceeding the critical micelle concentration, and application of porcine bile salts probably lead to underestimated bioaccessibility. Protein and carbohydrates significantly increased the bioaccessibility of most HOCs, while a significant bioaccessibility reduction was caused by green tea. The bioaccessibility of most HOCs was not promoted by liquor under normal physiological condition, but was significantly promoted under fast condition. Long residence time of PM in the lung (15 days) would result in higher mobilization of PAHs into the lung fluid than short time (one day). However, the inverse time-dependence for OPFRs suggests degradation in the lung fluid. A mechanism of hydrolysis of organophosphorus ester is hypothesized, and the half lives ranged from 17 to 90 days.
环境污染物的生物可给性已广泛采用体外模拟进行评估，但使用的生理参数差异很大。本研究评估了各种生理参数和食物材料对 PM 结合的疏水性有机污染物（HOCs），包括卤代阻燃剂（HFRs）、有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs）和多环芳烃（PAHs）的口服或吸入生物可给性的影响。结果表明，基于生理的胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶对颗粒中 HOC 的释放影响很小。当胆汁盐浓度超过临界胶束浓度时，生物可给性显著增加，而应用猪胆盐可能导致低估的生物可给性。蛋白质和碳水化合物显著增加了大多数 HOC 的生物可给性，而绿茶则导致其生物可给性显著降低。在正常生理条件下，大多数 HOC 的生物可给性不受白酒促进，但在快速条件下显著促进。PM 在肺部的停留时间（15 天）会导致比短时间（一天）更多的 PAHs 转移到肺液中。然而，OPFRs 的时间依赖性降低表明其在肺液中降解。假设存在有机磷酸酯水解的机制，其半衰期范围为 17 至 90 天。
