Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 1005 North Glebe Road, Arlington, VA, 22201, United States.
Accid Anal Prev. 2019 Feb;123:350-355. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.11.007. Epub 2018 Dec 20.
Several parking assistance systems are available to help drivers back up. Rear cross-traffic alert warns drivers when they are reversing and cross-traffic approaches the rear of their vehicle, as might happen when backing out of a perpendicular parking space in a lot. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of rear cross-traffic alert on backing crashes.
Negative binomial regression was used to compare police-reported backing crash rates in 25 U.S. states per insured vehicle year between General Motors and Mazda vehicles with rear cross-traffic alert and the same vehicle models without the optional system, controlling for the presence of other parking assistance systems and additional factors that may affect crash risk.
Crash involvement rates in backing crashes overall were 22% lower among vehicles with rear cross-traffic alert than among vehicles without the system when averaged between the two manufacturers. Rates were 32% lower among vehicles with the system than without in two-vehicle backing crashes where the vehicles were traveling in perpendicular directions. Both reductions were statistically significant.
Rearview cameras and rear automatic braking, which are designed to help drivers detect and brake for obstacles directly behind the vehicle, have been shown in previous research to be effective in reducing backing crashes reported to the police. Rear cross-traffic alert can complement these systems by preventing potential backing crashes that other parking assistance systems are not designed to detect. Manufacturers should equip vehicles with rear cross-traffic alert, in addition to other parking assistance systems like rear automatic braking, to maximize the number of backing crashes prevented.
有几种停车辅助系统可以帮助驾驶员倒车。倒车横向交通警报系统会在驾驶员倒车时警告他们有车辆从车辆后方接近，例如在停车场倒车进入垂直车位时。本研究的目的是研究倒车横向交通警报对倒车事故的影响。
使用负二项回归分析比较了美国 25 个州每辆车每年的倒车事故率，这些车辆是配备了倒车横向交通警报系统的通用汽车和马自达汽车与同一车型没有可选系统的车辆之间的比率，控制了其他停车辅助系统的存在以及可能影响事故风险的其他因素。
在两个制造商之间平均计算时，配备了倒车横向交通警报系统的车辆的整体倒车事故卷入率比没有该系统的车辆低 22%。在两车倒车事故中，当车辆以垂直方向行驶时，系统车辆的事故率比没有系统的车辆低 32%。这两个降低率都具有统计学意义。
倒车摄像头和倒车自动制动系统旨在帮助驾驶员检测和为车辆后方直接障碍物制动，在之前的研究中已经证明它们可以有效减少向警方报告的倒车事故。倒车横向交通警报系统可以通过防止其他停车辅助系统无法检测到的潜在倒车事故来补充这些系统。制造商应配备倒车横向交通警报系统，以及其他停车辅助系统，如倒车自动制动系统，以最大限度地减少预防倒车事故的数量。
