Department of Psychology, University of San Francisco.
School of Computer Science and Informatics, University College Dublin.
Top Cogn Sci. 2019 Jan;11(1):37-49. doi: 10.1111/tops.12402. Epub 2018 Dec 22.
Though the scientific study of surprise dates back to Darwin (), there was an upsurge in interest beginning in the 1960s and 70s, and this has continued to the present. Recent developments have shed much light on the cognitive mechanisms and consequences of surprise, but research has often been siloed within sub-areas of Cognitive Science. A central challenge for research on surprise is, therefore, to connect various research programs around their overlapping foci. This issue has its roots in a symposium on surprise, entitled "Triangulating Surprise: Expectations, Uncertainty, and Making Sense," at the 36th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (Quebec City, July 2014). Building on the interdisciplinary conversations that started at the symposium, this issue aims to draw attention to some promising empirical and modeling results and their theoretical implications. The present paper sets the stage for the issue by presenting a historical summary, discussing contrasting definitions of surprise, and then by tracing major threads that run through both this issue and the larger literature on surprise. Our aim is to develop broader, shared understandings of the main insights, theories, and findings regarding surprise, with a view to supporting future integration and progress.
虽然对惊喜的科学研究可以追溯到达尔文（），但从 20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代开始，人们对惊喜的兴趣大增，这种情况一直持续到现在。最近的发展为惊喜的认知机制和后果提供了很多启示，但研究往往局限于认知科学的各个子领域。因此，惊喜研究的一个核心挑战是，围绕其重叠的焦点连接各种研究计划。这个问题源于题为“惊喜三角测量：期望、不确定性和理解”的惊喜研讨会，该研讨会是在认知科学学会第 36 届年会上举办的（2014 年 7 月，魁北克市）。本专题以研讨会开始的跨学科对话为基础，旨在提请人们注意一些有希望的实证和建模结果及其理论意义。本文通过历史总结、讨论惊喜的对比定义，然后通过追踪贯穿本专题和更大的惊喜文献的主要线索，为该专题奠定了基础。我们的目的是对惊喜的主要见解、理论和发现形成更广泛的、共同的理解，以支持未来的整合和进步。
