Goff J S
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver.
Arch Intern Med. 1988 Dec;148(12):2673-7.
The sphincter of Oddi (SO) is critically located at the junction of the common bile duct (CBD), main pancreatic duct, and the duodenum. It is a high-pressure zone with phasic contractions that regulate bile and pancreatic juice flow. The SO is probably regulated by several gastrointestinal hormones, and its basal pressure and phasic contractions can be elevated or decreased significantly by exogenous drugs. Its role in gallstone formation is probably negligible, but severing the SO allows one to extract CBD stones with an endoscope. Abnormal function of the SO can cause biliarylike pain. Of patients with persistent pain after cholecystectomy, 14% have abnormal SO manometric findings. Endoscopic or surgical sphincterotomy can cure these patients of their pain. The SO may play a significant role in the development of pancreatitis in certain patients, either because of the relationship of the CBD orifice to the pancreatic duct orifice created by the SO or because of the response of the SO to exogenous agents, such as alcohol.
奥迪括约肌（SO）位于胆总管（CBD）、主胰管和十二指肠的交汇处，位置至关重要。它是一个具有阶段性收缩的高压区，可调节胆汁和胰液的流动。SO可能受多种胃肠激素调节，外源性药物可使其基础压力和阶段性收缩显著升高或降低。它在胆结石形成中的作用可能微不足道，但切断SO可使医生通过内窥镜取出CBD结石。SO功能异常可导致类似胆绞痛的疼痛。在胆囊切除术后仍持续疼痛的患者中，14%的人SO测压结果异常。内镜或手术括约肌切开术可治愈这些患者的疼痛。在某些患者中，SO可能在胰腺炎的发生发展中起重要作用，这可能是由于SO造成的CBD开口与胰管开口的关系，或者是由于SO对外源性物质（如酒精）的反应。
