Al-Kharashi Abdullah S
Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2018 Oct-Dec;32(4):318-323. doi: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2018.05.002. Epub 2018 May 29.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal disease which is one of the most severe complications occuring due to diabetes mellitus and is a major cause of blindness. Patients who have diabetes mellitus for number of years develop characteristic group of lesions in the retina which leads to Diabetic retinopathy. It is a multifactorial condition occuring due to complex cellular interactions between biochemical and metabolic abnormalities taking place in all retinal cells. Considerable research efforts in the past 20 years have suggested that the microvasculature of the retina responds to hyperglycemia through a number of biochemical changes, which includes polyol pathway, protein kinase C activation, upregulation of advanced glycation end products formation and renin angiotensin system activation. Various previous studies had suggest that interaction of these biochemical changes may cause a cascade of events, such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis which can lead to the damage of a diabetic retina, causing DR. This highlights that oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis-related factors triggers the occurrence of retinal complication in diabetes are highlighted.
糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是一种视网膜疾病，是糖尿病最严重的并发症之一，也是失明的主要原因。患有糖尿病数年的患者会在视网膜中出现特征性的病变群，从而导致糖尿病视网膜病变。它是一种多因素病症，是由所有视网膜细胞中发生的生化和代谢异常之间复杂的细胞相互作用引起的。过去20年的大量研究表明，视网膜微血管通过多种生化变化对高血糖作出反应，这些变化包括多元醇途径、蛋白激酶C激活、晚期糖基化终产物形成的上调和肾素血管紧张素系统激活。先前的各种研究表明，这些生化变化的相互作用可能会引发一系列事件，如细胞凋亡、氧化应激、炎症和血管生成，这些都可能导致糖尿病视网膜的损伤，从而引发糖尿病视网膜病变。这突出了氧化应激、炎症、与血管生成相关的因素引发糖尿病视网膜并发症的发生。
