a Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zaragocilla Campus. University of Cartagena , Cartagena, Bolivar , Colombia.
b Department of Medicine , Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Group. School of Health Sciences. University of Sucre , Sincelejo, Sucre , Colombia.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2019;82(1):28-36. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1546245. Epub 2018 Dec 24.
Thinner is a solvent that contains toluene, xylene, and other substances. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicity of thinner, xylene, and toluene on adult red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), as well as the effects of thinner and toluene on gene expression. The major compounds identified in the thinner with peak area >2% were p-xylene (6%), toluene (4%), 2,4-dimethylheptane (3%), methylcyclohexane (2.75%), 2-methylheptane (2%), cyclohexanone (2.6%), and nonane (2.1%). Insects were exposed to solvents at 0-240 µl/L air for 4-48 hr. Animals that survived after a 4 hr exposure to 80 µl/L air were employed to determine mRNA expression using real-time PCR. Xylene was highly toxic, and the majority of the beetles did not survive 4 hr exposure at 40 µl/L air. The lethal concentration 50 (LC) values for toluene, xylene and thinner at 48 hr exposure were 97.7, <40 and 99.8 µl/L air, respectively. Thinner and toluene induced lethargy and sluggish movement in treated insects, while with xylene these effects were not observed. Glutathione-S-transferase (Gst) gene expression increased after thinner and toluene exposure. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene expression rose after toluene exposure. These results suggest that T. castaneum provides an alternative model for the study of toxicological effects of volatile aromatic compounds.
稀释剂是一种含有甲苯、二甲苯和其他物质的溶剂。本研究的目的是检测稀释剂、二甲苯和甲苯对成年红粉甲虫（Tribolium castaneum（ Herbst））的毒性，以及稀释剂和甲苯对基因表达的影响。在峰面积> 2%的稀释剂中鉴定出的主要化合物为对二甲苯（6%）、甲苯（4%）、2,4-二甲基庚烷（3%）、甲基环己烷（2.75%）、2-甲基庚烷（2%）、环己酮（2.6%）和壬烷（2.1%）。昆虫在 0-240 µl/L 空气中暴露于溶剂中 4-48 小时。在 80 µl/L 空气中暴露 4 小时后存活的动物被用于实时 PCR 测定 mRNA 表达。二甲苯具有高度毒性，大多数甲虫在 40 µl/L 空气中暴露 4 小时后无法存活。甲苯、二甲苯和稀释剂在 48 小时暴露时的致死浓度 50（LC）值分别为 97.7、<40 和 99.8 µl/L 空气。稀释剂和甲苯诱导处理昆虫的昏睡和运动迟缓，而二甲苯则没有观察到这些作用。谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（Gst）基因表达在暴露于稀释剂和甲苯后增加。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）基因表达在甲苯暴露后增加。这些结果表明，T. castaneum 为研究挥发性芳香族化合物的毒理学效应提供了替代模型。
