Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Nuffield Department of Medicine and Translational Gastroenterology Unit, The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2019 Mar;14(2):77-84. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000526.
To analyze the possible role that the 'unconventional' T-cell populations mucosal-associated invariant T cell (MAIT) and iNKT cells play during HIV infection and following antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment.
A substantial body of evidence now demonstrates that both MAIT and iNKT cells are depleted in blood during HIV infection. The depletion and dysfunction of MAIT and iNKT cells are only partially restored by suppressive ART, potentially contributing to HIV-related comorbidities.
The deficiency and dysfunction of MAIT and iNKT T-cell subsets likely impact on immunity to important coinfections including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This underscores the importance of research on restoring these unconventional T cells during HIV infection. Future studies in this field should address the challenge of studying tissue-resident cells, particularly in the gut, and better defining the determinants of MAIT/iNKT cell dysfunction. Such studies could have a significant impact on improving the immune function of HIV-infected individuals.
分析黏膜相关不变 T 细胞（MAIT）和 iNKT 细胞等“非常规”T 细胞群体在 HIV 感染及抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）后的可能作用。
大量证据表明，HIV 感染期间血液中 MAIT 和 iNKT 细胞耗竭。抑制性 ART 仅部分恢复 MAIT 和 iNKT 细胞的耗竭和功能障碍，可能导致与 HIV 相关的合并症。
MAIT 和 iNKT T 细胞亚群的缺陷和功能障碍可能影响对包括结核分枝杆菌在内的重要合并感染的免疫。这凸显了研究 HIV 感染期间恢复这些非常规 T 细胞的重要性。该领域的未来研究应解决研究组织驻留细胞（特别是肠道）的挑战，并更好地定义 MAIT/iNKT 细胞功能障碍的决定因素。这些研究可能会对改善 HIV 感染者的免疫功能产生重大影响。
