Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.
Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States; Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, United Kingdom.
J Theor Biol. 2019 Mar 7;464:115-125. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.12.031. Epub 2018 Dec 23.
It is widely recognised that eco-evolutionary feedbacks can have important implications for evolution. However, many models of host-parasite coevolution omit eco-evolutionary feedbacks for the sake of simplicity, typically by assuming the population sizes of both species are constant. It is often difficult to determine whether the results of these models are qualitatively robust if eco-evolutionary feedbacks are included. Here, by allowing interspecific encounter probabilities to depend on population densities without otherwise varying the structure of the models, we provide a simple method that can test whether eco-evolutionary feedbacks per se affect evolutionary outcomes. Applying this approach to explicit genetic and quantitative trait models from the literature, our framework shows that qualitative changes to the outcome can be directly attributable to eco-evolutionary feedbacks. For example, shifting the dynamics between stable monomorphism or polymorphism and cycling, as well as changing the nature of the cycles. Our approach, which can be readily applied to many different models of host-parasite coevolution, offers a straightforward method for testing whether eco-evolutionary feedbacks qualitatively change coevolutionary outcomes.
人们普遍认识到，生态进化反馈可能对进化有重要影响。然而，许多宿主-寄生虫共同进化的模型为了简单起见省略了生态进化反馈，通常假设两个物种的种群大小是恒定的。如果包括生态进化反馈，这些模型的结果是否在质量上是稳健的，往往很难确定。在这里，通过允许种间遭遇概率取决于种群密度，而不改变模型的结构，我们提供了一种简单的方法，可以测试生态进化反馈本身是否会影响进化结果。将这种方法应用于文献中来自显式遗传和数量性状模型的结果表明，结果的定性变化可以直接归因于生态进化反馈。例如，在稳定的单一形态或多态性与循环之间转移动态，以及改变循环的性质。我们的方法可以很容易地应用于许多不同的宿主-寄生虫共同进化模型，为测试生态进化反馈是否在质量上改变共同进化结果提供了一种简单的方法。
