Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA.
Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2019 Feb;177:34-60. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.12.007. Epub 2018 Dec 24.
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a widespread disease with limited treatment options. Targeting the neuroimmune system is a new avenue for developing or repurposing effective pharmacotherapies. Alcohol modulates innate immune signaling in different cell types in the brain by altering gene expression and the molecular pathways that regulate neuroinflammation. Chronic alcohol abuse may cause an imbalance in neuroimmune function, resulting in prolonged perturbations in brain function. Likewise, manipulating the neuroimmune system may change alcohol-related behaviors. Psychiatric disorders that are comorbid with AUD, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and other substance use disorders, may also have underlying neuroimmune mechanisms; current evidence suggests that convergent immune pathways may be involved in AUD and in these comorbid disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of major neuroimmune cell-types and pathways involved in mediating alcohol behaviors, discuss potential mechanisms of alcohol-induced neuroimmune activation, and present recent clinical evidence for candidate immune-related drugs to treat AUD.
酒精使用障碍（AUD）是一种广泛存在的疾病，其治疗选择有限。针对神经免疫系统是开发或重新利用有效药物治疗方法的新途径。酒精通过改变基因表达和调节神经炎症的分子途径，调节大脑中不同细胞类型的固有免疫信号。慢性酒精滥用可能导致神经免疫功能失衡，导致大脑功能长期紊乱。同样，操纵神经免疫系统可能会改变与酒精相关的行为。与 AUD 共病的精神疾病，如创伤后应激障碍、重性抑郁障碍和其他物质使用障碍，也可能有潜在的神经免疫机制；现有证据表明，趋同的免疫途径可能与 AUD 和这些共病障碍有关。在这篇综述中，我们提供了参与调节酒精行为的主要神经免疫细胞类型和途径的概述，讨论了酒精引起的神经免疫激活的潜在机制，并介绍了最近用于治疗 AUD 的候选免疫相关药物的临床证据。
