Warden Anna, Erickson Emma, Robinson Gizelle, Harris R Adron, Mayfield R Dayne
The University of Texas at Austin, Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, Austin, TX, USA.
Pharmacogenomics. 2016 Dec;17(18):2081-2096. doi: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0062. Epub 2016 Dec 5.
Transcriptome profiling enables discovery of gene networks that are altered in alcoholic brains. This technique has revealed involvement of the brain's neuroimmune system in regulating alcohol abuse and dependence, and has provided potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss Toll-like-receptor pathways, hypothesized to be key players in many stages of the alcohol addiction cycle. The growing appreciation of the neuroimmune system's involvement in alcoholism has also led to consideration of crucial roles for glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, in the brain's response to alcohol abuse. We discuss current knowledge and hypotheses on the roles that specific neuroimmune cell types may play in addiction. Current strategies for repurposing US FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of alcohol use disorders are also discussed.
转录组分析有助于发现酒精性脑病中发生改变的基因网络。这项技术揭示了大脑神经免疫系统在调节酒精滥用和依赖方面的作用，并提供了潜在的治疗靶点。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了Toll样受体途径，该途径被认为是酒精成瘾周期多个阶段的关键参与者。对神经免疫系统参与酒精中毒的认识不断增加，也促使人们考虑神经胶质细胞（包括星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞）在大脑对酒精滥用反应中的关键作用。我们讨论了关于特定神经免疫细胞类型在成瘾中可能发挥的作用的现有知识和假说。还讨论了将美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的药物重新用于治疗酒精使用障碍的当前策略。
