Rifkinson-Mann S
Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Medical Center, New York.
Neurosurgery. 1988 Oct;23(4):411-6. doi: 10.1227/00006123-198810000-00001.
Trephination is the oldest known surgical technique. Peru has been recognized as a major source of ancient trephined skulls, many of which date back 2300 years. This presentation reviews from a neurosurgical perspective many of the archaeological studies performed on these skulls. Comparative osteology has shown that almost 70% of patients survived the procedure. The various instruments, hemostatic agents, anesthetics, surgical techniques, and cranioplasties used are reconstructed from the anthropological literature. The possible reasons for the use of trephination are discussed. Analysis of the data leads to the conclusion that, despite their rudimentary knowledge of disease, the ancient Incas must have had some knowledge of anatomy and proper surgical procedure.
环钻术是已知最古老的外科技术。秘鲁被公认为古代环钻颅骨的主要来源地，其中许多颅骨可追溯到2300年前。本报告从神经外科角度回顾了对这些颅骨进行的许多考古研究。比较骨科学表明，近70%的患者在手术后存活了下来。使用的各种器械、止血剂、麻醉剂、手术技术和颅骨修补术都是从人类学文献中重建的。文中讨论了使用环钻术的可能原因。对数据的分析得出结论，尽管古代印加人对疾病的了解很初级，但他们肯定对解剖学和正确的手术程序有一定的了解。
