[Trends and food sources composition of energy, protein and fat in Chinese residents, 1992-2012].

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the trends and food sources composition of energy, protein and fat in Chinese residents from 1992 to 2012.

METHODS

Based on the dietary data of the China Nutrition and Health Surveys in 1992, 2002 and 2010-2012, to compare the food sources composition of energy, protein and fat in Chinese residents. A stratified multistage cluster random sampling was used in 1992, and the sample size was100 201. A multistage stratified cluster random sampling survey was conducted in 2002, and the sample size was 68 962. A multi-stage stratified and population-proportional cluster random sampling method was used in 2010-2012, and the sample size of was63 993. Three consecutive 24-hour recalls method and face-to-face interviews were used in three dietary surveys, and household edible oil and condiment weighing were adopted in three surveys. The dietary energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake, and the proportion of dietary pattern among the participants were analyzed based on the China Food Composition table.

RESULTS

The average daily dietary energy intake in Chinese residents in 1992, 2002 and 2010-2012 was 2328. 3, 2250. 5 and 2172. 1 kcal, respectively. The carbohydrate intake was 378. 4, 321. 2 and 300. 8 g respectively, and the protein intake was 68. 0, 65. 9 and 64. 5 g, respectively. The fat intake was 58. 3, 76. 2 and 79. 9 g, respectively. The dietary energy in Chinese residents mainly came from cereals, and the proportion of cereals energy supply was 66. 8%, 57. 9% and 53. 1%, respectively. Dietary energy was mainly derived from carbohydrates, and the proportion of carbohydrate energy supply was 66. 2%, 58. 6% and 55. 0%, respectively. The proportion of fat energy supply was 22. 0%, 29. 6% and 32. 9%, respectively. The main food sources of protein was cereals. The proportion of protein intake in cereals was 61. 6%, 52. 0% and47. 3%, respectively. The proportion of high quality protein intake was 24. 0%, 32. 6%and 37. 0%, respectively. The main food sources of fat was plant food, and the proportion of plant fat intake was 62. 8%, 60. 8% and 64. 1%, respectively. The dietary energy in urban and rural residents in 1992, 2002 and 2010-2012 years was mainly derived from cereals. The nutrients of dietary energy were mainly derived from carbohydrates. The food sources of protein were mainly cereals. The food sources of fat were mainly plant food, and the proportion of high quality protein intake increased. The proportion of cereals supply in 2002 and 2010-2012 years was less than 50%. The fat supply of urban residents was 35. 0% and 36. 1% higher than that in 2002 and 2010-2012, and the proportion of high quality protein intake in rural residents was less than 40%.

CONCLUSION

The dietary composition in urban and rural residents in 1992, 2002 and 2010-2012 was mainly composed of cereal and vegetable food. The proportion of energy supply from fat was very high and increased, the average dietary intake per reference man per day for protein intake was insufficient and decreased. The trend of average energy intake per reference man per day was from excessive intake to insufficient and decreased in Chinese residents and urban residents. The proportion of high quality protein intake was insufficient for the Chinese residents and rural residents. The proportion of energy supply from cereals and carbohydrate were low and decreased.