Goldberg T E, Weinberger D R
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIMH, Neuropsychiatric Research Hospital at St. Elizabeths, Washington, DC 20032.
Schizophr Bull. 1988;14(2):179-83. doi: 10.1093/schbul/14.2.179.
In a recent series of studies we have attempted to clarify the nature of intellectual impairment in schizophrenia, and in particular, how patterns of dysfunction implicate specific neural systems. First, we found that acute psychotic adolescent patients displayed the same pattern of IQ scores (Performance less than Verbal) as adult chronic schizophrenic patients. We explored this deficit in problem solving by studying the performance of schizophrenic patients after receiving concrete and explicit instructions on how to do the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a task thought to be mediated by prefrontal cortex. We then studied the differential impact such a deficit in problem-solving strategies might have on a task thought to elicit both cognitive (prefrontal) and procedural or motor-skill (basal ganglia) processing. Procedural components appeared to be relatively more intact. We also addressed schizophrenic patients' ability to learn in other (extrafrontal) cognitive domains through verbal memory tasks and block design puzzles. Learning occurred under both conditions. We believe the overall pattern of deficit implicates primarily prefrontal neural systems, though a number of other neuropsychological functions are yet to be surveyed.
在最近的一系列研究中，我们试图阐明精神分裂症患者智力障碍的本质，尤其是功能障碍模式如何牵涉特定的神经系统。首先，我们发现急性精神病性青少年患者与成年慢性精神分裂症患者表现出相同的智商分数模式（操作智商低于言语智商）。我们通过研究精神分裂症患者在接受关于如何进行威斯康星卡片分类测验的具体明确指导后的表现，来探究这种解决问题的缺陷，该任务被认为是由前额叶皮层介导的。然后，我们研究了这种解决问题策略的缺陷可能对一项被认为能引发认知（前额叶）和程序或运动技能（基底神经节）加工的任务产生的不同影响。程序部分似乎相对更完整。我们还通过言语记忆任务和积木设计拼图来研究精神分裂症患者在其他（前额叶以外）认知领域的学习能力。在两种情况下都发生了学习。我们认为，尽管还有许多其他神经心理学功能有待研究，但缺陷的总体模式主要牵涉前额叶神经系统。
