Palliative care for acute kidney injury patients in the intensive care unit.

Patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) are often suitable for palliative care due to the high symptom burden. The role of palliative medicine in this patient population is not well defined and there is a lack of established guidelines to address this issue. Because of this, patients in the ICU with AKI deprived of the most comprehensive or appropriate care. The reasons for this are multifactorial including lack of palliative care training among nephrologists. However, palliative care in these patients can help alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and decrease suffering. Palliative care physicians can determine the appropriateness and model of palliative care. In addition to shared decision-making, advance directives should be established with patients early on, with specific instructions regarding dialysis, and those advance directives should be respected.