Gebregziabher Mulugeta, Dai Lin, Vrana-Diaz Caroline, Teklehaimanot Abeba, Sweat Michael
Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
Health Equity. 2018 Dec 26;2(1):384-394. doi: 10.1089/heq.2018.0060. eCollection 2018.
Receipt of HIV testing results is vital for individuals to know their status and make decisions that would improve their access to HIV prevention, treatment, and care. The objective of this study is to determine the association of HIV testing and receipt of results with three key exposure variables (HIV stigma, HIV knowledge, and media use) stratified by gender and country. Data from a random sample of adults aged 15-49 years from Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda were abstracted from country-specific Demographic and Health Surveys or AIDS Indicators Surveys. Individuals were asked questions regarding demographics, socioeconomic status, sexual behaviors/attitudes, HIV knowledge, HIV stigma, and media-consumption. Weighted logistic regression was used to determine the association between receipt of HIV testing with key risk factors stratified by gender and country. Gender disparities in HIV testing and receipt of results, HIV stigma, and HIV knowledge remain high. More women have recently tested for HIV and received their results than men. HIV stigma was associated with decreased recent HIV testing in all six countries for women, and for men except in Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda. HIV knowledge was positively related to recent testing in all countries, except Uganda for women and Kenya and Tanzania for men. In Burundi and Rwanda, women had more HIV knowledge than men, while in Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda, men had more HIV knowledge than women. Given the importance of HIV testing for effective management of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, it is crucial for these countries to exchange information on gender-specific policies and strategies that have the most impact on increasing HIV knowledge and decreasing HIV stigma.
获取艾滋病毒检测结果对于个人了解自身状况并做出能够改善其获得艾滋病毒预防、治疗和护理机会的决定至关重要。本研究的目的是确定艾滋病毒检测及结果获取与三个关键暴露变量（艾滋病毒污名、艾滋病毒知识和媒体使用）之间的关联，并按性别和国家进行分层。从布隆迪、埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚、卢旺达、坦桑尼亚和乌干达15至49岁成年人的随机样本数据中提取自特定国家的人口与健康调查或艾滋病指标调查。向个人询问有关人口统计学、社会经济地位、性行为/态度、艾滋病毒知识、艾滋病毒污名和媒体消费的问题。使用加权逻辑回归来确定艾滋病毒检测结果获取与按性别和国家分层的关键风险因素之间的关联。在艾滋病毒检测及结果获取、艾滋病毒污名和艾滋病毒知识方面，性别差异仍然很大。最近检测艾滋病毒并获得结果的女性比男性更多。在所有六个国家中，艾滋病毒污名都与女性近期艾滋病毒检测减少有关，对于男性，除了埃塞俄比亚、坦桑尼亚和乌干达外也是如此。除了乌干达的女性以及肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚的男性外，艾滋病毒知识在所有国家都与近期检测呈正相关。在布隆迪和卢旺达，女性的艾滋病毒知识比男性更多，而在肯尼亚、埃塞俄比亚、坦桑尼亚和乌干达，男性的艾滋病毒知识比女性更多。鉴于艾滋病毒检测对于撒哈拉以南非洲有效管理艾滋病毒的重要性，这些国家交流对增加艾滋病毒知识和减少艾滋病毒污名影响最大的针对性别政策和战略信息至关重要。
