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微侵犯与适应结果的关系:元分析和叙述性综述。

Associations between microaggression and adjustment outcomes: A meta-analytic and narrative review.

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University.

出版信息

Psychol Bull. 2019 Jan;145(1):45-78. doi: 10.1037/bul0000172.

Abstract

Microaggression has been considered a form of stressor that negatively affects people with marginalized statuses. Research shows variability in how microaggression is measured, and the extent to which it is associated with adjustment outcomes. A new cube model was proposed to conceptualize microaggression across social groups, interpersonal and group-level interactions, and categories of incidents. Synthesizing findings from published and unpublished studies, this study was aimed to examine the relations between microaggression and adjustment outcomes. Meta-analyses quantified the study-level correlations between microaggression and various adjustment outcomes, and estimated the degree to which methodological and individual factors explained between-study variability. Using 72 independent study samples (N = 18,718), omnibus analysis with a random-effects model showed a statistically significant summary correlation between microaggression and adjustment outcomes (r = .20 (95% CI [.16-.23]), p < .001). Between-study variability (Q = 319.86, p < .001, τ2 = .01, I2 = 77.80%) was explained by gender, race, and publication status. Except for gender microaggression, racial, LGBTQ, and health status microaggressions were associated with adjustment outcomes. Microaggression was relatively more strongly associated with internalizing problems, stress/negative affect, and positive affect/adjustment than with externalizing problems and physical symptoms. Adjustment outcomes were more closely linked to interpersonal microaggression than group microaggression, and to microassault than microinsult and microinvalidation. Narrative reviews showed that very few studies tested whether microaggression predicted adjustment outcomes above and beyond overt discrimination and individual difference factors, and examined the indirect mechanisms that may link microaggression to adjustment outcomes. Limitations to the scope of this research synthesis and future research directions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

摘要

微侵犯被认为是一种会对处于边缘地位的人产生负面影响的压力源。研究表明,微侵犯的测量方式存在差异,而且它与调整结果的关联程度也存在差异。本文提出了一种新的立方模型,用于从社会群体、人际和群体层面的相互作用以及事件类别等多个方面来理解微侵犯。本研究综合了已发表和未发表的研究结果,旨在检验微侵犯与调整结果之间的关系。元分析量化了研究层面微侵犯与各种调整结果之间的相关性,并估计了方法学和个体因素在多大程度上解释了研究间的变异性。使用 72 个独立的研究样本(N = 18718),采用随机效应模型的综合分析显示,微侵犯与调整结果之间存在显著的统计关联(r =.20(95%CI [.16-.23]),p <.001)。研究间的变异性(Q = 319.86,p <.001,τ2 =.01,I2 = 77.80%)由性别、种族和发表状态解释。除了性别微侵犯外,种族、LGBTQ 和健康状况微侵犯与调整结果有关。微侵犯与内化问题、压力/负性情绪和积极情绪/调整的关联度高于与外化问题和身体症状的关联度。调整结果与人际微侵犯的关联比群体微侵犯更紧密,与微攻击的关联比微侮辱和微否定的关联更紧密。叙述性评论表明,很少有研究检验微侵犯是否在公开歧视和个体差异因素之外能够预测调整结果,也没有检验可能将微侵犯与调整结果联系起来的间接机制。本文讨论了这种研究综合的范围限制和未来的研究方向。

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