Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Dec 29;16(1):83. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16010083.
Although the built environment and certain psychosocial factors are related to adolescents' active commuting to and from school (ACS), their interrelationships have not been explored in depth. This study describes these interrelationships and behavioral profiles via a self-organizing map (SOM) analysis. The sample comprised 465 adolescents from the IPEN (International Physical Activity and the Environment Network) Adolescent study in Valencia, Spain. ACS, barriers to ACS, physical self-efficacy, social support and sociodemographics were measured by questionnaire. Street-network distance to school, net residential density and street intersection density were calculated from the Geographic Information System. The clustering of the SOM outcomes resulted in eight areas or clusters. The clusters which correspond to the lowest and highest ACS levels were then explored in depth. The lowest ACS levels presented interactions between the less supportive built environments (i.e., low levels of residential density and street connectivity in the neighborhood and greater distances to school) and unfavorable psychosocial variables (i.e., low values of physical self-efficacy and medium social support for ACS) and good access to private motorized transport at home. The adolescents with the lowest ACS values exhibited high ACS environment/safety and planning/psychosocial barrier values. Future interventions should be designed to encourage ACS and change multiple levels of influence, such as individual, psychosocial and environmental factors.
尽管建筑环境和某些心理社会因素与青少年上下学的积极通勤（ACS）有关，但它们之间的相互关系尚未深入探讨。本研究通过自组织映射（SOM）分析描述了这些相互关系和行为特征。该样本由来自西班牙巴伦西亚 IPEN（国际体育活动与环境网络）青少年研究的 465 名青少年组成。通过问卷测量了 ACS、ACS 障碍、身体自我效能、社会支持和社会人口统计学。从地理信息系统中计算了到学校的街道网络距离、净居住密度和街道交叉口密度。SOM 结果的聚类导致了八个区域或聚类。然后深入探讨了对应 ACS 水平最低和最高的聚类。ACS 水平最低的聚类表现为不太支持的建筑环境（即，邻里居住密度和街道连通性低，到学校的距离较大）和不利的心理社会变量（即，身体自我效能值低和中等社会支持 ACS）之间的相互作用，以及家庭中私人机动交通的良好可达性。ACS 水平最低的青少年表现出高 ACS 环境/安全和规划/心理社会障碍值。未来的干预措施应旨在鼓励 ACS 并改变多个层面的影响，如个人、心理社会和环境因素。
