Renninger Denise, Bachner Joachim, García-Massó Xavier, Molina-García Javier, Reimers Anne Kerstin, Marzi Isabel, Beck Franziska, Demetriou Yolanda
Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany.
AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Mar 20;13(3):272. doi: 10.3390/bs13030272.
Active travel in adolescence contributes to improved health outcomes. Self-Determination Theory suggests that motivation and basic psychological needs influence travel behavior. Person-centered approaches can examine interrelationships of these constructs underlying travel behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate (i) which clusters can be identified in adolescents, (ii) whether clusters explain overall active travel behavior, (iii) whether clusters were associated with travel mode to various destinations or distance, and (iv) whether differences across clusters appear regarding sex/gender, age, and weight status. The sample included 517 (263 male, 254 female) adolescents from Germany, aged 11-15. Self-organizing maps analysis identified six clusters from nine input variables: intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation, amotivation, autonomy satisfaction, competence satisfaction, and relatedness satisfaction. The most beneficial cluster regarding active travel demonstrated highest basic psychological needs satisfaction and autonomous motivation with low controlled motivation and amotivation. The most vulnerable cluster was characterized by generally low levels of motivation except for external regulation and amotivation. Clusters were not associated with distance to school, friends/relatives, shopping facilities, or leisure facilities. The findings support the importance of high quality and high quantity of motivation for active travel in adolescents.
青少年的主动出行有助于改善健康状况。自我决定理论表明，动机和基本心理需求会影响出行行为。以个人为中心的方法可以研究出行行为背后这些构念的相互关系。本研究的目的是调查：（i）青少年中可以识别出哪些类别；（ii）这些类别是否能解释总体主动出行行为；（iii）类别是否与前往不同目的地的出行方式或距离相关；（iv）在性别、年龄和体重状况方面，类别之间是否存在差异。样本包括来自德国的517名青少年（263名男性，254名女性），年龄在11至15岁之间。自组织映射分析从九个输入变量中识别出六个类别：内在动机、整合调节、认同调节、内摄调节、外部调节、无动机、自主满足感、能力满足感和关系满足感。在主动出行方面最有益的类别表现出最高的基本心理需求满足感和自主动机，而受控动机和无动机水平较低。最易受影响的类别其特点是除了外部调节和无动机外，总体动机水平较低。类别与到学校、朋友/亲戚、购物设施或休闲设施的距离无关。研究结果支持了高质量和高数量的动机对青少年主动出行的重要性。
