Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Taranto branch, Via Alcide de Gasperi, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Food Res Int. 2019 Jan;115:65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.067. Epub 2018 Aug 2.
Processed samples (air-dried @ 40 and @ 60 °C and freeze-dried) of sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.), an autochthonous spice with interesting market potential, were analyzed by headspace gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry and classification capabilities of an electronic nose in discriminating between samples with stepwise forward statistics were evaluated as well. Freeze-drying process was the most preservative in terms of limiting darkening without compromising appearance of the final product, providing weight loss of about 85% and water activity below the limit for mold growth issues. Headspace analysis of samples highlighted the presence of 35 volatiles grouped as terpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated terpenes, sesquiterpen hydrocarbons, phenyl propanoids, not-terpenic aldehydes and not-terpenic ketones. Correlations emerged between selected sensors and some detected volatile organic compounds. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis and simple K-nearest neighbors obtained a 100% overall correct classification rate in cross-validation of the electronic nose in classifying samples, whereas stepwise quadratic discriminant analysis and Naive-Bayes gave 93.3%. The sea fennel could be a new interesting spice to launch in the food market and the electronic nose showed the potential to be used in monitoring the industrial process aimed at extending its shelf-life.
对茴香（Crithmum maritimum L.）的加工样品（在 40°C 和 60°C 下风干和冻干）进行了分析，茴香是一种具有有趣市场潜力的本土香料，通过顶空气相色谱/质谱法和电子鼻的分类能力进行了分析，并评估了逐步向前统计的样品之间的区分能力。就限制黑暗而不影响最终产品的外观而言，冻干过程是最具保护性的，它提供了约 85%的失重和水活度低于霉菌生长问题的限制。样品的顶空分析突出了 35 种挥发性物质的存在，这些物质分为萜烯碳氢化合物、含氧萜烯、倍半萜碳氢化合物、苯丙烷、非萜醛和非萜酮。选定的传感器与一些检测到的挥发性有机化合物之间存在相关性。在电子鼻对样品进行分类的交叉验证中，逐步线性判别分析和简单 K-最近邻获得了 100%的总体正确分类率，而逐步二次判别分析和朴素贝叶斯则获得了 93.3%。茴香可能是一种新的有趣香料，可以推向食品市场，电子鼻显示出在监测旨在延长其保质期的工业过程中的潜力。
