Arce-Rodríguez Alejandro, Puente-Sánchez Fernando, Avendaño Roberto, Martínez-Cruz María, de Moor J Maarten, Pieper Dietmar H, Chavarría Max
Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany.
Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Brunswick, Germany.
Extremophiles. 2019 Mar;23(2):177-187. doi: 10.1007/s00792-018-01072-6. Epub 2019 Jan 1.
Here we report the chemical and microbial characterization of the surface water of a CO-rich hydrothermal vent known in Costa Rica as Borbollones, located at Tenorio Volcano National Park. The Borbollones showed a temperature surrounding 60 °C, a pH of 2.4 and the gas released has a composition of ~ 97% CO, ~ 0.07% HS, ~ 2.3% N and ~ 0.12% CH. Other chemical species such as sulfate and iron were found at high levels with respect to typical fresh water bodies. Analysis by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding revealed that in Borbollones predominates an archaeon from the order Thermoplasmatales and one bacterium from the genus Sulfurimonas. Other sulfur- (genera Thiomonas, Acidithiobacillus, Sulfuriferula, and Sulfuricurvum) and iron-oxidizing bacteria (genera Sideroxydans, Gallionella, and Ferrovum) were identified. Our results show that CO-influenced surface water of Borbollones contains microorganisms that are usually found in acid rock drainage environments or sulfur-rich hydrothermal vents. To our knowledge, this is the first microbiological characterization of a CO-dominated hydrothermal spring from Central America and expands our understanding of those extreme ecosystems.
在此，我们报告了位于哥斯达黎加特诺里奥火山国家公园、被称为博尔博洛内斯的富含一氧化碳的热液喷口地表水的化学和微生物特征。博尔博洛内斯的水温约为60°C，pH值为2.4，释放出的气体成分约为97%的一氧化碳、约0.07%的硫化氢、约2.3%的氮气和约0.12%的甲烷。与典型淡水水体相比，还发现了高含量的其他化学物质，如硫酸盐和铁。通过16S rRNA基因宏条形码分析发现，在博尔博洛内斯占主导地位的是嗜热栖热菌目古菌和硫单胞菌属细菌。还鉴定出了其他的硫氧化细菌（硫单胞菌属、嗜酸氧化硫杆菌属、硫源菌属和硫弯菌属）和铁氧化细菌（嗜铁钩端螺旋菌属、嘉利翁氏菌属和铁杆菌属）。我们的研究结果表明，受一氧化碳影响的博尔博洛内斯地表水含有通常在酸性岩石排水环境或富硫热液喷口中发现的微生物。据我们所知，这是中美洲首个以一氧化碳为主的热液泉的微生物特征描述，扩展了我们对这些极端生态系统的认识。
