a Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.
b College of Public Health , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2019;45(2):217-226. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1549562. Epub 2019 Jan 2.
The tobacco industry spends billions on retail marketing and such marketing is associated with tobacco use. Previous research has not examined actual and potential exposures that adolescents have on a daily basis.
The objective of this study was to determine whether both self-reported and geographically estimated tobacco retailer exposures differ by participant or neighborhood characteristics among urban and rural adolescents.
The data for this study were part of a cohort study of 1220 adolescent males residing in urban and rural (Appalachian) regions in Ohio. The baseline survey asked participants how often they visited stores that typically sell tobacco in the past week (self-reported exposures). The number of tobacco retailers between home and school was determined using ArcGIS software (potential exposures). Adjusted regression models were fit to determine the characteristics that were associated with self-reported or potential exposures to retailers.
Adolescents who were non-Hispanic black or other racial/ethnic minority, had used tobacco in the past, and lived in rural areas had higher self-reported exposures. Urban adolescents, non-Hispanic black or other racial/ethnic minority, and those living in neighborhoods with a higher percentage of poverty had more potential exposures to tobacco retailers in their path between home and school.
Rural adolescents had more self-reported marketing exposures than urban adolescents. However, urban adolescents had more potential tobacco exposures between home and school. Thus, point of sale marketing limitations might be a more effective policy intervention in rural areas whereas limits on tobacco retailers might be more effective for urban areas.
烟草业在零售营销上投入了数十亿美元，而此类营销与烟草使用有关。之前的研究并未考察青少年日常实际和潜在接触烟草零售商的情况。
本研究旨在确定城市和农村青少年的参与者或邻里特征是否会影响自我报告和地理估计的烟草零售商暴露情况。
本研究的数据来自俄亥俄州城乡（阿巴拉契亚地区）1220 名男性青少年的队列研究。基线调查询问了参与者过去一周内经常光顾销售烟草的商店的频率（自我报告的暴露情况）。使用 ArcGIS 软件确定了从家到学校之间的烟草零售商数量（潜在暴露情况）。采用调整后的回归模型确定与自我报告或潜在零售商暴露情况相关的特征。
非西班牙裔黑人或其他种族/少数民族、过去使用过烟草以及居住在农村地区的青少年自我报告的暴露情况更高。城市青少年、非西班牙裔黑人或其他种族/少数民族以及居住在贫困比例较高的社区的青少年在从家到学校的途中有更多潜在的烟草零售商暴露机会。
农村青少年的自我报告营销暴露情况多于城市青少年。然而，城市青少年在家到学校之间有更多潜在的烟草暴露机会。因此，销售点营销限制可能在农村地区是更有效的政策干预措施，而限制烟草零售商可能对城市地区更有效。
