Myers Allison E, Hall Marissa G, Isgett Lisa F, Ribisl Kurt M
Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Counter Tools, Carrboro, NC, United States.
Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Prev Med. 2015 May;74:67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.01.025. Epub 2015 Feb 14.
The Institute of Medicine recommends that public health agencies restrict the number and regulate the location of tobacco retailers as a means of reducing tobacco use. However, the best policy strategy for tobacco retailer reduction is unknown.
The purpose of this study is to test the percent reduction in the number and density of tobacco retailers in North Carolina resulting from three policies: (1) prohibiting sales of tobacco products in pharmacies or stores with a pharmacy counter, (2) restricting sales of tobacco products within 1000 ft of schools, and (3) regulating to 500 ft the minimum allowable distance between tobacco outlets.
This study uses data from two lists of tobacco retailers gathered in 2012, one at the statewide level, and another "gold standard" three-county list. Retailers near schools were identified using point and parcel boundaries in ArcMap. Python programming language generated a random lottery system to remove retailers within 500 ft of each other. Analyses were conducted in 2014.
A minimum allowable distance policy had the single greatest impact and would reduce density by 22.1% at the state level, or 20.8% at the county level (range 16.6% to 27.9%). Both a pharmacy and near-schools ban together would reduce density by 29.3% at the state level, or 29.7% at the county level (range 26.3 to 35.6%).
The implementation of policies restricting tobacco sales in pharmacies, near schools, and/or in close proximity to another tobacco retailer would substantially reduce the number and density of tobacco retail outlets.
美国医学研究所建议公共卫生机构限制烟草零售商数量并规范其位置，以此减少烟草使用。然而，减少烟草零售商的最佳政策策略尚不清楚。
本研究旨在测试北卡罗来纳州三项政策实施后烟草零售商数量和密度的减少百分比，这三项政策分别为：（1）禁止在药店或设有药房柜台的商店销售烟草制品；（2）限制在学校周边1000英尺范围内销售烟草制品；（3）将烟草销售点之间的最小允许距离规定为500英尺。
本研究使用了2012年收集的两份烟草零售商名单数据，一份是全州范围的，另一份是“黄金标准”的三县名单。利用ArcMap中的点和地块边界确定学校附近的零售商。使用Python编程语言生成随机抽签系统，以移除彼此距离在500英尺以内的零售商。分析于2014年进行。
最小允许距离政策产生的影响最大，在州一级将使密度降低22.1%，在县一级降低20.8%（范围为16.6%至27.9%）。药店销售禁令和学校周边销售禁令共同实施，在州一级将使密度降低29.3%，在县一级降低29.7%（范围为26.3%至35.6%）。
实施限制在药店、学校附近和/或其他烟草零售商附近销售烟草的政策，将大幅减少烟草零售点的数量和密度。
