Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Educational Fund to Stop Gun Violence, 905 15th St NW, Washington, DC, USA.
Health Educ Res. 2019 Apr 1;34(2):129-144. doi: 10.1093/her/cyy050.
Many of the policies shown to benefit the public's health in research studies are never widely implemented. We conducted a qualitative and exploratory multiple-case study of three U.S. academic research-policy translation initiatives that resulted in the development, enactment and/or implementation of evidence-based policies to address public health issues: gun policy (Case 1); opioid policy (Case 2) and drug control policy (Case 3). We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 25 key stakeholders involved in the three cases and analysed transcripts using a hybrid a priori and data-driven approach. Across cases, participants identified four key processes that should be included in research-policy translation initiatives: stakeholder engagement, consensus-building, long-term coalition engagement and use of effective knowledge brokers. Participants perceived differences in how the structure of and activities within each initiative facilitated these processes. For example, participants perceived the gun policy initiative, which included large-scale policy dissemination strategies such as state forums where research experts interacted with state policymakers and advocates, as more effective at long-term coalition engagement than the other two initiatives. Study results suggest concrete and actionable academic research-policy strategies that have the potential for widespread adoption by universities or other organizations.
许多在研究中被证明有益于公众健康的政策从未得到广泛实施。我们对三个美国学术研究政策转化倡议进行了定性和探索性的多案例研究，这些倡议导致了制定、颁布和/或实施了基于证据的政策来解决公共卫生问题：枪支政策（案例 1）；阿片类药物政策（案例 2）和毒品管制政策（案例 3）。我们对三个案例中的 25 名关键利益相关者进行了半结构化的定性访谈，并使用混合的先验和数据驱动的方法分析了转录本。在所有案例中，参与者确定了研究政策转化倡议中应包含的四个关键过程：利益相关者参与、建立共识、长期联盟参与和使用有效的知识经纪人。参与者认为每个倡议的结构和活动如何促进这些过程存在差异。例如，参与者认为，枪支政策倡议，包括州论坛等大规模政策传播策略，研究专家与州政策制定者和倡导者互动，比其他两个倡议更有效地进行长期联盟参与。研究结果表明了具体和可操作的学术研究政策策略，这些策略有可能被大学或其他组织广泛采用。
