Harrison Roy M, Rob MacKenzie A, Xu Hongming, Alam Mohammed S, Nikolova Irina, Zhong Jian, Singh Ajit, Zeraati-Rezaei Soheil, Stark Christopher, Beddows David C S, Liang Zhirong, Xu Ruixin, Cai Xiaoming
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Proc Math Phys Eng Sci. 2018 Dec;474(2220):20180492. doi: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0492. Epub 2018 Dec 19.
Diesel engine emissions are by far the largest source of nanoparticles in many urban atmospheres, in which they dominate the particle number count, and may present a significant threat to public health. This paper reviews knowledge of the composition and atmospheric properties of diesel exhaust particles, and exemplifies research in this field through a description of the FASTER project (Fundamental Studies of the Sources, Properties and Environmental Behaviour of Exhaust Nanoparticles from Road Vehicles) which studied the size distribution-and, in unprecedented detail, the chemical composition-of nanoparticles sampled from diesel engine exhaust. This information has been systematized and used to inform the development of computational modules that simulate the behaviour of the largely semi-volatile content of the nucleation mode particles, including consequent effects on the particle size distribution, under typical atmospheric conditions. Large-eddy model studies have informed a simpler characterization of flow around the urban built environment, and include aerosol processes. This modelling and engine-laboratory work have been complemented by laboratory measurements of vapour pressures, and the execution of two field measurement campaigns in London. The result is a more robust description of the dynamical behaviour on the sub-kilometre scale of diesel exhaust nanoparticles and their importance as an urban air pollutant.
在许多城市大气中，柴油发动机排放物是纳米颗粒的最大来源，在这些大气中，柴油发动机排放物在颗粒物数量中占主导地位，可能对公众健康构成重大威胁。本文回顾了柴油尾气颗粒的成分和大气特性方面的知识，并通过描述FASTER项目（道路车辆尾气纳米颗粒的来源、特性和环境行为基础研究）来举例说明该领域的研究，该项目研究了从柴油发动机尾气中采样的纳米颗粒的尺寸分布，以及前所未有的详细化学成分。这些信息已被系统化，并用于为计算模块的开发提供依据，这些模块模拟了在典型大气条件下成核模式颗粒中大部分半挥发性成分的行为，包括对颗粒尺寸分布的后续影响。大涡模型研究为城市建成环境周围流动的更简单特征描述提供了依据，其中包括气溶胶过程。这项建模和发动机实验室工作得到了蒸气压实验室测量以及在伦敦进行的两次现场测量活动的补充。结果是对柴油尾气纳米颗粒在亚公里尺度上的动力学行为及其作为城市空气污染物的重要性有了更可靠的描述。
