Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280, USA; email:
Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2019 Jan 3;11:307-334. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010318-095300.
Scientists have advocated for local interventions, such as creating marine protected areas and implementing fishery restrictions, as ways to mitigate local stressors to limit the effects of climate change on reef-building corals. However, in a literature review, we find little empirical support for the notion of managed resilience. We outline some reasons for why marine protected areas and the protection of herbivorous fish (especially parrotfish) have had little effect on coral resilience. One key explanation is that the impacts of local stressors (e.g., pollution and fishing) are often swamped by the much greater effect of ocean warming on corals. Another is the sheer complexity (including numerous context dependencies) of the five cascading links assumed by the managed-resilience hypothesis. If reefs cannot be saved by local actions alone, then it is time to face reef degradation head-on, by directly addressing anthropogenic climate change-the root cause of global coral decline.
科学家们提倡采取地方性干预措施，如创建海洋保护区和实施渔业限制，以减轻局部压力，从而限制气候变化对造礁珊瑚的影响。然而，在文献综述中，我们几乎没有发现支持管理恢复力这一概念的经验证据。我们概述了一些为什么海洋保护区和保护草食性鱼类（尤其是鹦嘴鱼）对珊瑚恢复力几乎没有影响的原因。一个关键解释是，局部压力（例如污染和捕捞）的影响往往被海洋变暖对珊瑚的更大影响所淹没。另一个原因是管理恢复力假设所假设的五个级联环节的复杂性（包括许多上下文依赖性）。如果仅通过地方性行动无法拯救珊瑚礁，那么现在是直面珊瑚礁退化的时候了，直接应对人为气候变化——这是全球珊瑚衰退的根本原因。
