ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, 413115, India.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2019 Apr;76(3):469-482. doi: 10.1007/s00244-018-00587-5. Epub 2019 Jan 3.
The present study delineate the various biochemical and histopathological tool to evaluate as strong biomarker in the field condition for detection of the least and maximize level of pollution and contamination. We have collected Labeo rohita from 13 different sites from East Kolkata wetland to determine biochemical and histopathological status to analyse metal contamination in the significant biological hot spot EKW. The biochemical marker as antioxidative status, i.e., catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver and gill, were remarkably higher (p < 0.01) at some of the sampling sites, but catalase in brain, SOD in kidney, GST in brain and kidney, and neurotransmitter as acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in brain were not significant (p > 0.05) among the sampling sites. The glycolytic enzymes, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in liver, gill, and muscle, and protein metabolic enzymes, such as alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) in liver, gill, muscle, and kidney, were noticeably higher (p < 0.01) at some of the sampling sites. The histopathology of the liver and gill were altered at different sampling sites, such as blood congestion, leucocyte infiltration with parenchymal vacuolisation, nucleus with blood vessels, hepatocytes granular degeneration, haemorrhage, karyorrhexis, shrink nucleus, and pyknotic nuclei in liver. In the gill, structural changes, such as complete destruction and shortening of secondary gill lamellae, blood vessel in gill arch, curling of secondary gill lamellae, aneurism in gill lamellae, and neoplasia, were observed. Most of the metals were found within the safe limit all along the 13 sampling sites, indicating that fishes are safe for the consumption. Based on our finding, we could recommend that a rational application of biochemical profiles, such as oxidative and metabolic stress parameters, including histopathology to be used as biomarkers for biomonitoring the metal contamination in the aquatic environment.
本研究描绘了各种生化和组织病理学工具，以评估在现场条件下作为检测最低和最高污染和污染水平的强有力生物标志物。我们从东加尔各答湿地的 13 个不同地点收集了罗非鱼，以确定生化和组织病理学状况，分析 EKW 这一重要生物热点地区的金属污染。肝脏和鳃中的抗氧化状态生化标志物，即过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST），在一些采样点显著升高（p<0.01），但大脑中的过氧化氢酶、肾脏中的 SOD、大脑和肾脏中的 GST 以及大脑中的神经递质乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）在采样点之间没有显著差异（p>0.05）。肝脏、鳃和肌肉中的糖酵解酶，如乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH），以及肝脏、鳃、肌肉和肾脏中的蛋白质代谢酶，如丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST），在一些采样点明显升高（p<0.01）。不同采样点的肝脏和鳃的组织病理学发生了变化，如肝脏充血、实质空泡化伴白细胞浸润、血管伴细胞核、肝细胞颗粒变性、出血、核碎裂、皱缩核和固缩核；鳃的结构变化，如二级鳃片完全破坏和缩短、鳃弓血管、二级鳃片卷曲、鳃片动脉瘤和肿瘤。在 13 个采样点沿线，大多数金属都在安全范围内，这表明鱼类可以安全食用。根据我们的发现，我们可以建议将生化谱（如氧化和代谢应激参数）与组织病理学结合起来，作为监测水生环境中金属污染的生物标志物。
