ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, 413 115, India.
ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834 010, India.
Aquat Toxicol. 2019 Sep;214:105233. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105233. Epub 2019 Jul 4.
The water bodies are greatly influenced by heavy metal contamination and global increasing temperature. Arsenic (As) is one of the most dangerous widespread pollutants that pose health threats to human, animals and fishes. Considering the above, the study has been carried out to delineate 96 h median lethal concentration of arsenic alone and in combination with high temperature (As-T, 34 °C) by conducting static non-renewable bio-assay acute toxicity in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (average weight 6.25 ± 0.69 g, length 5.32 cm). Effect of definitive doses such as 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 mg/L of As alone and in combination with high temperature (As-T) were evaluated on stress biomarkers and cellular metabolism of P. hypophthalmus. The lethal concentration (96 h LC) of As alone and in combination with high temperature was found to be 28.16 mg/L and 26.88 mg/L, respectively. The stress biomarkers in terms of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in liver, gill, brain and kidney, blood glucose and NBT were remarkable higher (p < 0.01) in comparison to unexposed group (control group). Brain neurotransmitter enzyme, AChE, immunological status (blood glucose and NBT) and cellular metabolic enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase LDH, malate dehydrogenase MDH, aspartate aminotransferase AST, and alanine aminotransferase ALT, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase G6PDH and ATPase) were noticeably (p < 0.01) altered by As and As-T exposure. The histopathological study exhibited devastating changes with exposure to As and As-T such as bile stagnation, hepatocyte with irregular nucleus, eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm, necrosis, and nuclear hypertrophy in liver and curling of secondary lamellae, hypertrophy of lamellar epithelium, blood congestion, incomplete fusion of secondary lamellae, complete fusion of several lamellae and aneurysm in gill. Overall results clearly indicate that acute exposure of As and high temperature led to pronounced deleterious alterations on stress biomarkers and cellular and metabolic activities of P. hypophthalmus.
水体受到重金属污染和全球气温升高的极大影响。砷 (As) 是最危险的广泛污染物之一，对人类、动物和鱼类的健康构成威胁。有鉴于此，本研究通过静态不可再生生物测定急性毒性试验，在 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus 中研究了砷单独存在以及与高温 (As-T，34°C) 联合存在时的 96 小时中位致死浓度 (LC)（平均体重 6.25±0.69 g，体长 5.32 cm）。评估了 25、26、27、28、29 和 30 mg/L 等确定剂量的砷单独存在以及与高温 (As-T) 联合存在对 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus 应激生物标志物和细胞代谢的影响。结果表明，砷单独存在和与高温联合存在的致死浓度 (LC) 分别为 28.16 和 26.88 mg/L。肝脏、鳃、脑和肾中的过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 (GST) 等应激生物标志物，血糖和 NBT 显著高于未暴露组（对照组）（p<0.01）。脑神经递质酶 AChE、免疫状况（血糖和 NBT）和细胞代谢酶（乳酸脱氢酶 LDH、苹果酸脱氢酶 MDH、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶 AST、丙氨酸氨基转移酶 ALT、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶 G6PDH 和 ATP 酶）在受到砷和砷-高温的暴露后显著改变（p<0.01）。组织病理学研究显示，暴露于砷和砷-高温后会发生严重变化，如胆汁停滞、肝细胞核不规则、细胞质中嗜酸性颗粒、坏死、核肥大，鳃中二级鳃片卷曲、板状上皮肥大、血液充血、二级鳃片不完全融合、几个鳃片完全融合和动脉瘤。总的结果清楚地表明，急性暴露于砷和高温会导致 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus 的应激生物标志物以及细胞和代谢活动发生明显的有害变化。
