Kumar Neeraj, Krishnani K K, Gupta S K, Singh N P
ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, India.
ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, India.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017 Jan;49:137-147. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.11.017. Epub 2016 Nov 24.
In the present study, we have analyzed various biochemical and histopathological biomarkers in the Oreochromis mossambicus collected from 18 sites at Bhima River. The biochemical biomarkers viz. antioxidative enzymes in muscle viz. catalase, SOD, and GST, glycolytic enzymes in kidney viz. LDH and MDH, protein metabolic enzymes in liver, gill, brain, gonad and muscle viz. ALT and AST, neurotransmitter enzymes in muscle AChE, lipid peroxidation and histopathology in the liver and gill have been evaluated. The oxidative biomarkers, glycolytic enzymes, protein metabolic enzymes and lipid peroxidation were significantly (p<0.01) higher and AChE in muscle were significantly inhibited (p<0.01) in fishes from different sampling sites. The histopathology of the liver and gill were altered at different sampling sites. The liver histopathology showed hepatocytes vacuolization, haemorrhage, karyokinesis, necrosis, pyknotic nuclei, dilation of sinusoids and hepatocyte granular degeneration and in the gill histopathology showed distal lamellar gill tissue, diffuse epithelial hyperplasia and multifocal mucus cell hyperplasia, extensive edema of epithelial cells, blood congestion and edema in secondary lamellae. All the indicators are giving strong signals for contamination of the aquatic water bodies. The Bhima River is surrounded by several cities and agriculture land indicates that vigorous industrial activity coupled with intensive use of chemicals in agricultural practices may held. Therefore, based on our results, we could recommend that the investigated tissue and cell alterations may be successfully applied as reliable biomarkers for monitoring contaminated freshwater ecosystems. This study suggests that, the importance of antioxidative enzymes, cellular biomarkers, AChE, and histopathology used as biomarkers in aquatic ecosystem biomonitoring.
在本研究中，我们分析了从比马河18个地点采集的莫桑比克罗非鱼中的各种生化和组织病理学生物标志物。评估了生化生物标志物，即肌肉中的抗氧化酶（过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶）、肾脏中的糖酵解酶（乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶）、肝脏、鳃、脑、性腺和肌肉中的蛋白质代谢酶（谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶）、肌肉中的神经递质酶（乙酰胆碱酯酶）、肝脏和鳃中的脂质过氧化以及组织病理学。不同采样点的鱼类中，氧化生物标志物、糖酵解酶、蛋白质代谢酶和脂质过氧化显著升高（p<0.01），肌肉中的乙酰胆碱酯酶受到显著抑制（p<0.01）。不同采样点的肝脏和鳃的组织病理学发生了改变。肝脏组织病理学显示肝细胞空泡化、出血、核分裂、坏死、固缩核、血窦扩张和肝细胞颗粒变性，鳃组织病理学显示远端鳃小片组织、弥漫性上皮增生和多灶性黏液细胞增生、上皮细胞广泛水肿、次级鳃小片充血和水肿。所有指标都强烈表明水体受到了污染。比马河周围有几个城市和农业用地，这表明可能存在活跃的工业活动以及农业实践中化学品的大量使用。因此，根据我们的结果，我们建议所研究的组织和细胞改变可成功用作监测受污染淡水生态系统的可靠生物标志物。本研究表明了抗氧化酶、细胞生物标志物、乙酰胆碱酯酶和组织病理学作为水生生态系统生物监测生物标志物的重要性。
