Yanagihara Katsunori, Sasaki Daisuke, Akamatsu Norihiko, Kaku Norihito, Kosai Kosuke
Rinsho Byori. 2016 Sep;64(9):1025-1032.
The Ebola virus is a single-stranded negative sense RNA virus belonging to the filovirus family. The Ebo- ]a virus causes Ebola virus disease (EVD). EVD is characterized by fever and malaise, muscle pain, and abnormal blood clotting. The mortality rate associated with EVD is very high, at 88%. In the worldwide outbreak in 2014, the epidemic of EVD started in Guinea and expanded to western Africa. Thereafter, cases of infection with the Ebola virus spread around the world, especially Europe and America. EVD is a zoono- sis. It is considered that the natural host of Ebola virus is a bat, and it causes a fatal clinical condition in go- rillas and chimpanzees as well as humans. People were infected by touching body fluids of blood, secretions, vomit, and other discharges from patients with EVD. Since the numbers of Japanese who work overseas and foreigners who visit Japan are increasing, it is necessary to establish the diagnosis of and medical treatment system for EVD in Japan. In this paper, we mainly describe the laboratory-based testing and risk manage- ment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Japanese hospitals. [Review].
埃博拉病毒是一种属于丝状病毒科的单链负义RNA病毒。埃博拉病毒可引发埃博拉病毒病（EVD）。EVD的特征为发热、不适、肌肉疼痛以及异常凝血。与EVD相关的死亡率非常高，达88%。在2014年的全球疫情中，EVD疫情始于几内亚并蔓延至西非。此后，埃博拉病毒感染病例传播至世界各地，尤其是欧洲和美洲。EVD是一种人畜共患病。据认为，埃博拉病毒的天然宿主是蝙蝠，它在大猩猩、黑猩猩以及人类中都会引发致命的临床病症。人们通过接触埃博拉病毒病患者的血液、分泌物、呕吐物及其他排泄物等体液而受到感染。鉴于在海外工作的日本人以及来日本访问的外国人数量不断增加，有必要在日本建立EVD的诊断和医疗体系。在本文中，我们主要描述日本医院中基于实验室的埃博拉出血热检测及风险管理。[综述]
