Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
Federal Institute of Maranhão (IFMA), São Luís, MA 65930-000, Brazil.
Sensors (Basel). 2019 Jan 3;19(1):150. doi: 10.3390/s19010150.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm that proposes the connection of objects to exchange information in order to reach a common objective. In IoT networks, it is expected that the nodes will exchange data between each other and with external Internet services. However, due to deployment costs, not all the network devices are able to communicate with the Internet directly. Thus, other network nodes should use Internet-connected nodes as a gateway to forward messages to Internet services. Considering the fact that main routing protocols for low-power networks are not able to reach suitable performance in the displayed IoT environment, this work presents an enhancement to the Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distance-vector Routing Protocol-Next Generation (LOADng) for IoT scenarios. The proposal, named LOADng-IoT, is based on three improvements that will allow the nodes to find Internet-connected nodes autonomously and dynamically, decreasing the control message overhead required for the route construction, and reducing the loss of data messages directed to the Internet. Based on the performed assessment study, which considered several number of nodes in dense, sparse, and mobility scenarios, the proposed approach is able to present significant results in metrics related to quality-of-service, reliability, and energy efficiency.
物联网 (IoT) 是一种新兴的范例，它提出了将物体连接起来以交换信息，以达到共同的目标。在 IoT 网络中，预计节点将相互之间以及与外部互联网服务交换数据。然而，由于部署成本的原因，并非所有的网络设备都能够直接与互联网通信。因此，其他网络节点应该使用连接到互联网的节点作为网关，将消息转发到互联网服务。考虑到低功耗网络的主要路由协议在显示的 IoT 环境中无法达到合适的性能这一事实，本工作针对物联网场景对轻量级按需自组网距离矢量路由协议下一代 (LOADng) 进行了增强。该提案名为 LOADng-IoT，基于三个改进，允许节点自主和动态地找到连接到互联网的节点，减少构建路由所需的控制消息开销，并减少指向互联网的数据消息的丢失。基于考虑了密集、稀疏和移动性场景中多个节点的执行评估研究，所提出的方法能够在与服务质量、可靠性和能效相关的指标中呈现出显著的结果。
