Managing People in Organizations Department.
Department of Psychology, College of William and Mary.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2019 Apr;116(4):495-518. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000142. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
We hypothesized that individuals in cultures typified by lower levels of relational mobility would tend to show more attention to the surrounding social and physical context (i.e., holistic vs. analytic thinking) compared with individuals in higher mobility cultural contexts. Six studies provided support for this idea. Studies 1a and 1b showed that differences in relational mobility in cultures as diverse as the U.S., Spain, Israel, Nigeria, and Morocco predicted patterns of dispositional bias as well as holistic (vs. analytic) attention. Study 2 demonstrated that, for Americans and Japanese, relational mobility offered better predictive validity of these cognitive tendencies than related cultural constructs; moreover, Studies 1b and 2 showed that relational mobility mediated cross-cultural differences in perception and attribution. Studies 3a and 3b showed that lower relational mobility induces a weaker sense of internal locus of control and a stronger sense of external locus of control, which led to more holistic (vs. analytic) cognition. Last, Study 4 replicated these results in an experimental setting and demonstrated the causal effect of relational mobility on analytic/holistic cognition. Overall, we suggest that relational mobility may be an important socioecological factor that can help explain robust cognitive differences observed across cultures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
我们假设，在关系流动性较低的文化中，个体往往会比在流动性较高的文化环境中更加关注周围的社会和物理环境（即整体思维与分析思维）。六项研究支持了这一观点。研究 1a 和 1b 表明，美国、西班牙、以色列、尼日利亚和摩洛哥等文化中关系流动性的差异预测了性格倾向以及整体（与分析）注意力的差异。研究 2 表明，对于美国人和日本人来说，关系流动性比相关文化结构对这些认知倾向具有更好的预测效度；此外，研究 1b 和 2 表明，关系流动性中介了跨文化知觉和归因的差异。研究 3a 和 3b 表明，较低的关系流动性会导致较弱的内部控制感和较强的外部控制感，从而导致更多的整体（与分析）认知。最后，研究 4 在实验环境中复制了这些结果，并证明了关系流动性对分析/整体认知的因果效应。总的来说，我们认为关系流动性可能是一个重要的社会生态因素，可以帮助解释跨文化观察到的强大认知差异。（心理学文摘数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
