Bäckryd Emmanuel
Dr. Bäckryd: Pain and Rehabilitation Center, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2019 Winter;39(1):69-72. doi: 10.1097/CEH.0000000000000235.
Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress' (B&C) book Principles of Biomedical Ethics is well known for its four-principle approach to biomedical ethics. However, the authors also emphasize the importance of the virtues of health care personnel. After a short overview of virtue ethics, the five "focal virtues" described by B&C are discussed and applied to a chronic pain example. The question of how virtues are learned in the health care setting is addressed, and it is argued that virtues such as the ones defended by B&C are acquired when health care personnel are socialized in an environment dedicated to the continuous upholding of practices that aim at the telos of medicine. Viewed from this perspective, professional isolation can be considered to be dangerous; the upholding of medical professionalism throughout a whole career largely presupposing the existence of a community where virtues relevant to the practice of medicine are embodied and kept alive. The concept of professional socialization is important in that respect. Finally, some potential general implications of this view for continuing professional development are proposed.
汤姆·L·博尚和詹姆斯·F·奇尔德雷斯（B&C）所著的《生物医学伦理学原理》因其生物医学伦理学的四原则方法而广为人知。然而，作者们也强调了医护人员美德的重要性。在对美德伦理学进行简短概述之后，讨论了B&C所描述的五种“核心美德”，并将其应用于一个慢性疼痛的例子。文中探讨了在医疗环境中如何习得美德的问题，并认为像B&C所捍卫的那些美德，是在医护人员于一个致力于持续秉持旨在实现医学目的的实践的环境中进行社会化时获得的。从这个角度来看，职业孤立可被视为危险的；在整个职业生涯中坚持医学专业精神很大程度上预设了一个体现并传承与医学实践相关美德的社群的存在。在这方面，职业社会化的概念很重要。最后，提出了这一观点对持续专业发展的一些潜在普遍影响。
