Valentine T
MRC Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, UK.
Br J Psychol. 1988 Nov;79 ( Pt 4):471-91. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1988.tb02747.x.
Several studies have found that face recognition is disproportionately impaired by stimulus inversion when compated to recognition of other classes of visual stimuli. This effect has been interpreted as evidence that face recognition benefits from a 'special' process which is not engaged by an inverted face. This paper reviews studies of the effect of inversion on face recognition in recognition memory tasks, matching tasks and upon cerebral hemisphere asymmetries. Evidence is drawn from developmental studies and from studies of brain-injured and normal adult subjects. It is concluded that the evidence that inverted faces are processed differently from upright faces is far from compelling, and therefore the effect of inversion provides little or no evidence of a unique process in face recognition. The inversion effect is interpreted in terms of expertise in face processing and the highly homogeneous nature of faces as a stimulus class.
多项研究发现，与识别其他类别的视觉刺激相比，人脸识别在刺激反转时受到的损害不成比例。这种效应被解释为证据，表明人脸识别受益于一种“特殊”过程，而倒置的面孔不会参与该过程。本文综述了在识别记忆任务、匹配任务以及大脑半球不对称性方面，反转对面部识别影响的研究。证据来自发育研究以及对脑损伤和正常成年受试者的研究。得出的结论是，倒置面孔与正立面孔处理方式不同的证据远非令人信服，因此反转效应几乎没有提供或根本没有提供人脸识别中存在独特过程的证据。反转效应是根据面部处理方面的专业知识以及面孔作为一种刺激类别高度同质的性质来解释的。
