Reinhardt T A, Horst R L, Goff J P
National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa.
Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 1988 Jul;4(2):331-50. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)31052-5.
Significant advances have been made in the last 30 years in the understanding of Ca, PO4, and Mg homeostasis in ruminants. Despite these advances, the primary cellular or molecular lesions responsible for failure of homeostasis have yet to be identified. Suggested causes, such as primary hormone deficiencies, have been eliminated, and we now believe that aging and nutrition can reduce the ability of intestine, bone, and kidney to respond rapidly to the hormone signals responsible for homeostasis during rapid increases in demand for these minerals. Further research is required before these lesions can be identified and new knowledge applied to the development of economical, effective programs that prevent milk fever and hypomagnesemic tetany. Until then, diseases such as milk fever will continue to affect 8 to 9 per cent of our dairy cows, and dairy farmers will continue to spend millions of dollars a year for treatment of the primary disease and the many secondary problems that result from these diseases.
在过去30年里，反刍动物钙、磷和镁稳态的研究取得了重大进展。尽管有这些进展，但导致稳态失衡的主要细胞或分子损伤尚未确定。诸如原发性激素缺乏等推测的病因已被排除，我们现在认为，衰老和营养会降低肠道、骨骼和肾脏在这些矿物质需求迅速增加时对负责稳态的激素信号做出快速反应的能力。在确定这些损伤并将新知识应用于制定预防产乳热和低镁血症性搐搦的经济有效方案之前，还需要进一步研究。在此之前，产乳热等疾病将继续影响8%至9%的奶牛，奶农每年将继续花费数百万美元用于治疗原发性疾病以及由这些疾病引发的许多继发性问题。
