Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.
Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.
PLoS One. 2023 May 31;18(5):e0286514. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286514. eCollection 2023.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the production (P) (g of fresh mushrooms /bag) and biological efficiency (BE) (g of fresh mushrooms per 100 g of dry substrate) of 17 fungal strains, namely Pleurotus ostreatus Po-IAP, Po-P38, Po-P14, Po-IE202, Po-Sfco, Po-JP, Po-Psma, and Po-POS, Pleurotus djamour Pd-PRO and Pd-UTMR, Pleurotus eryngii Pe-MB and Pe-PQ, Lentinula edodes L15, L9, L5, and LC, and Hericium erinaceus Heri, produced in corn stover (CS) and to assess the content of crude protein (CP), lignin (L), cellulose, hemicellulose, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) of the residual substrate of CS, the so called spent mushroom substrate (SMS), in comparison to the non-inoculated substrate (C). The variables were analyzed as a completely randomized block design using R 4.0.3 software. Means were compared using Tukey's procedure. The Pleurotus spp. strains, compared to Lentinula spp. and Hericium spp., presented better BE and P. In comparison to C, the SMS increased the CP content (p < 0.05) from 10.8% (Po-JP) to 70.3% (LC), while NDF decreased (p < 0.05) from 11.5% (Pd-Pro) to 33.5% (L15) and IVDMD increased (p < 0.05) from 16.2% (Heri) to 47.7% (Pd-UTMR). In conclusion, of the 17 strains evaluated, the 3 strains of Lentinula edodes (L5, L15, and L9), one strain of Pleurotus djamour (Pd-UTMR), and one strain of Pleurotus ostreatus (Po-IAP) generated a SMS that, due to its nutritional improvement and increase in IVDMD, could be used as feed for ruminants. Our results also showed that corn stover is a suitable substrate to produce Pleurotus spp. fruiting bodies, with strain Po-IAP as the best yielding.
本研究的目的是评估 17 种真菌菌株的产量（P）（新鲜蘑菇/袋）和生物效率（BE）（每 100 克干基质中新鲜蘑菇的产量），即糙皮侧耳 Po-IAP、Po-P38、Po-P14、Po-IE202、Po-Sfco、Po-JP、Po-Psma 和 Po-POS、美味牛肝菌 Pd-PRO 和 Pd-UTMR、杏鲍菇 Pe-MB 和 Pe-PQ、香菇 L15、L9、L5 和 LC 以及珊瑚状猴头菌 Heri，在玉米秸秆（CS）中生产，并评估 CS 剩余基质（即所谓的废蘑菇基质（SMS））的粗蛋白（CP）、木质素（L）、纤维素、半纤维素、酸性洗涤剂纤维（ADF）和中性洗涤剂纤维（NDF）的含量以及干物质体外消化率（IVDMD）与未接种的基质（C）相比。使用 R 4.0.3 软件分析变量作为完全随机区组设计。使用 Tukey 程序比较平均值。与香菇属和珊瑚状猴头菌属相比，糙皮侧耳属菌株表现出更好的 BE 和 P。与 C 相比，SMS 增加了 CP 含量（p<0.05），从 10.8%（Po-JP）到 70.3%（LC），同时 NDF 减少（p<0.05），从 11.5%（Pd-Pro）到 33.5%（L15），IVDMD 增加（p<0.05），从 16.2%（Heri）到 47.7%（Pd-UTMR）。总之，在所评估的 17 株菌株中，3 株香菇（L5、L15 和 L9）、1 株美味牛肝菌（Pd-UTMR）和 1 株糙皮侧耳（Po-IAP）产生的 SMS 由于其营养改善和 IVDMD 增加，可以用作反刍动物的饲料。我们的结果还表明，玉米秸秆是生产糙皮侧耳属真菌子实体的合适基质，其中菌株 Po-IAP 的产量最高。
