Shibazaki-Yorozuya Reiko, Nagata Satoru
Aoyama-Soshinkai Medical Corporation, Yorozuya Dental Office, Tokyo.
Nagata Microtia and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Clinic, Saitama, Japan.
J Craniofac Surg. 2019 Jan;30(1):66-70. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000004915.
Few epidemiological studies have investigated the external ear malformations anotia and microtia. The authors' study aimed to investigate the relationships between age, sex, type of microtia, and birth place and associated malformation as seen in 1 private Japanese clinic.
Cases of anotia/microtia that presented in Nagata Microtia and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Clinic (Saitama, Japan) between 2005 and 2018 were included in the study. The authors identified 1896 patients with anotia/microtia with or without associated malformation. Most were primary cases, with some secondary reconstruction cases wherein the primary surgery was performed at another hospital. Cases were classified with Nagata classification; lobule type, small concha type, concha type, and anotia. Cryptotia was also observed in this study.
Among the patients, 61.1% were male, 85.4% had unilateral defects (69.0% LB), and 59.1% had a right-sided defect. Most patients were less than 1 year old (15.0%) or 8 to 10 years old (5.5%-6.3%) on first examination, while 58% were from the Kanto region, including Tokyo. Regarding concomitant disorders, 32.7% had an accompanying malformation, while 13.3% had associated syndromes (eg, craniofacial microsomia, Treacher Collins syndrome). To conclude, in the authors' clinic, most cases of anotia/microtia were LB, unilateral, and seen in male patients. Information regarding several characteristic clinical features was obtained, especially that clefts and musculoskeletal deformities of the skull/face and jaw were the main accompanying malformations.
很少有流行病学研究调查外耳畸形（无耳症和小耳症）。作者的研究旨在调查年龄、性别、小耳症类型、出生地与一家日本私立诊所中所见相关畸形之间的关系。
纳入2005年至2018年期间在日本埼玉县永田小耳症与重建整形外科学诊所就诊的无耳症/小耳症病例。作者确定了1896例有无相关畸形的无耳症/小耳症患者。大多数是初诊病例，还有一些二次重建病例，其初次手术在其他医院进行。病例采用永田分类法进行分类：耳垂型、小耳甲型、耳甲型和无耳症。本研究中也观察到了隐耳症。
在患者中，61.1%为男性，85.4%有单侧缺陷（69.0%为左侧），59.1%有右侧缺陷。大多数患者首次检查时年龄小于1岁（15.0%）或8至10岁（5.5%-6.3%），而58%来自包括东京在内的关东地区。关于合并症，32.7%有伴随畸形，13.3%有相关综合征（如颅面短小畸形、特雷彻·柯林斯综合征）。总之，在作者的诊所中，大多数无耳症/小耳症病例为左侧、单侧，且见于男性患者。获得了一些特征性临床特征的信息，特别是颅骨/面部和颌骨的腭裂及肌肉骨骼畸形是主要的伴随畸形。
