CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Nat Microbiol. 2019 Mar;4(3):390-395. doi: 10.1038/s41564-018-0328-y. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
Filoviruses, especially Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), are notoriously pathogenic and capable of causing severe haemorrhagic fever diseases in humans with high lethality. The risk of future outbreaks is exacerbated by the discovery of other bat-borne filoviruses of wide genetic diversity globally. Here we report the characterization of a phylogenetically distinct bat filovirus, named Měnglà virus (MLAV). The coding-complete genome of MLAV shares 32-54% nucleotide sequence identity with known filoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis places this new virus between EBOV and MARV, suggesting the need for a new genus taxon. Importantly, despite the low amino acid sequence identity (22-39%) of the glycoprotein with other filoviruses, MLAV is capable of using the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) as entry receptor. MLAV is also replication-competent with chimeric MLAV mini-genomes containing EBOV or MARV leader and trailer sequences, indicating that these viruses are evolutionally and functionally closely related. Finally, MLAV glycoprotein-typed pseudo-types transduced cell lines derived from humans, monkeys, dogs, hamsters and bats, implying a broad species cell tropism with a high risk of interspecies spillover transmission.
丝状病毒，特别是埃博拉病毒（EBOV）和马尔堡病毒（MARV），具有很强的致病性，能够在人类中引起严重的出血热疾病，致死率很高。由于在全球范围内发现了其他具有广泛遗传多样性的蝙蝠携带丝状病毒，未来爆发的风险加剧了。在这里，我们报告了一种系统发育上不同的蝙蝠丝状病毒的特征，命名为勐腊病毒（MLAV）。MLAV 的编码完整基因组与已知的丝状病毒具有 32-54%的核苷酸序列同一性。系统发育分析将这种新病毒置于 EBOV 和 MARV 之间，表明需要一个新的属分类单元。重要的是，尽管 MLAV 的糖蛋白与其他丝状病毒的氨基酸序列同一性较低（22-39%），但它能够使用尼曼-匹克 C1（NPC1）作为进入受体。MLAV 还具有复制能力，能够使用包含 EBOV 或 MARV 前导序列和尾随序列的嵌合 MLAV 小基因组，这表明这些病毒在进化和功能上密切相关。最后，MLAV 糖蛋白型假型能够转导来自人类、猴子、狗、仓鼠和蝙蝠的细胞系，这表明它具有广泛的物种细胞嗜性，存在很高的种间溢出传播风险。
