Borowska Magdalena, Czarnywojtek Agata, Sawicka-Gutaj Nadia, Woliński Kosma, Płazińska Maria Teresa, Mikołajczak Przemysław, Ruchała Marek
Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.
Endokrynol Pol. 2018;69(6):705-719. doi: 10.5603/EP.a2018.0072.
Cannabinoids are the derivatives of the cannabis plant, the most potent bioactive component of which is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The most commonly used drugs containing cannabinoids are marijuana, hashish, and hashish oil. These compounds exert their effects via interaction with the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Type 1 receptors (CB1) are localised mostly in the central nervous system and in the adipose tissue and many visceral organs, including most endocrine organs. Type 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2) are positioned in the peripheral nervous system (peripheral nerve endings) and on the surface of the immune system cells. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the role that endogenous ligands play for these receptors, as well as to the role of the receptors themselves. So far, endogenous cannabinoids have been confirmed to participate in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis of the body, and have a significant impact on the endocrine system, including the activity of the pituitary gland, adrenal cortex, thyroid gland, pancreas, and gonads. Interrelations between the endocannabinoid system and the activity of the endocrine system may be a therapeutic target for a number of drugs that have been proved effective in the treatment of infertility, obesity, diabetes, and even prevention of diseases associated with the cardiovascular system.
大麻素是大麻植物的衍生物，其中最有效的生物活性成分是四氢大麻酚（THC）。最常用的含大麻素药物是大麻、哈希什和哈希什油。这些化合物通过与大麻素受体CB1和CB2相互作用发挥作用。1型受体（CB1）主要位于中枢神经系统、脂肪组织以及许多内脏器官，包括大多数内分泌器官。2型大麻素受体（CB2）位于外周神经系统（外周神经末梢）和免疫系统细胞表面。最近，内源性配体对这些受体所起的作用以及受体本身的作用越来越受到关注。到目前为止，内源性大麻素已被证实参与身体食物摄入和能量稳态的调节，并对内分泌系统有重大影响，包括垂体、肾上腺皮质、甲状腺、胰腺和性腺的活动。内源性大麻素系统与内分泌系统活动之间的相互关系可能是许多已被证明对治疗不孕症、肥胖症、糖尿病甚至预防心血管系统相关疾病有效的药物的治疗靶点。
