Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Medicine, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Heart Centre for Children, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Cardiac Service, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Dev Psychobiol. 2019 Jul;61(5):700-713. doi: 10.1002/dev.21819. Epub 2019 Jan 8.
A deeper understanding of the gut-brain axis is of significance in pediatrics, given the influential role of early childhood experiences and exposures in shaping the microbiome, and health, across the life course. This systematic review synthesized evidence on the connection between the gut microbiome and mental health in children with physical illness. Six electronic databases were systematically searched and data extracted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Of 1,476 identified articles, 11 articles reporting on nine unique studies (all randomized controlled trials) were included. Most studies examined the gut microbiome in infants with colic, while the remaining studies investigated outcomes in children aged 1 day to 18 years at risk for atopic dermatitis or irritable bowel syndrome. Baseline and postintervention gut microbiome differences varied across studies. Findings on psychological functioning also varied, with only half of the captured studies showing a positive effect of intervention on psychological well-being. Only two studies analyzed the association between the gut microbiome and psychological outcomes, each with a different pattern of results. As the field moves forward, it will be critical to gain a better understanding of the microbiome characteristics that influence mental health outcomes in pediatric populations.
深入了解肠道-大脑轴对于儿科具有重要意义，因为儿童早期的经历和暴露对整个生命周期中的微生物组和健康具有重要影响。本系统综述综合了有关生理疾病儿童的肠道微生物组与心理健康之间联系的证据。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南，系统地搜索了六个电子数据库并提取了数据。在确定的 1476 篇文章中，有 11 篇文章报道了 9 项独特的研究（均为随机对照试验）。大多数研究都检查了绞痛婴儿的肠道微生物组，而其余的研究则调查了患有特应性皮炎或肠易激综合征风险的 1 天至 18 岁儿童的结果。研究之间的基线和干预后肠道微生物组差异各不相同。心理功能的研究结果也各不相同，只有一半的研究表明干预对心理健康有积极影响。只有两项研究分析了肠道微生物组与心理结果之间的关联，每项研究的结果模式都不同。随着该领域的发展，了解影响儿科人群心理健康结果的微生物组特征将至关重要。
