Mohebali M, Moradi-Asl E, Rassi Y
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health; Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
J Vector Borne Dis. 2018 Jul-Sep;55(3):173-183. doi: 10.4103/0972-9062.249125.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important parasitic disease which is endemic in different parts of Iran; and domestic and wild canines are principal reservoir hosts of the disease. The objective of this study was to review the spatial distribution of canine VL (CVL) caused by Leishmania infantum in domestic and wild canines in different geographical areas of Iran. An extensive literature search was conducted in different international and national databases, including Cochrane, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Iran Medex to find articles with the words "visceral leishmaniasis in Iran" in their titles and "canine visceral leishmaniasis in Iran" or "feline visceral leishmaniasis in Iran" or "accidental reservoir hosts of visceral leishmaniasis in Iran" in their subtitles, irrespective of the type and duration of study. Screening of the irrelevant articles from total 36,342, yielded 61 eligible articles. More than 93% of the studies were carried out on domestic dogs (Canis familiaris, n = 57) and the remaining were on other carnivores such as wild canines including foxes (Vulpes vulpes, n = 4), jackals (C. aureus, n = 6) and wolves (C. lupus, n = 6); while studies on domestic cats (Felis catus, n = 3) as well as desert rodents (n = 2) were rare. The average rate of L. infantum infections reported among domestic dogs using direct agglutination test (DAT) in Iran was 12.5%. The highest prevalence rate (14%) was reported from the northwest regions of the country where VL is endemic. The review indicates that CVL is endemic in various parts of Iran and domestic dogs are the main and potential reservoir hosts of the disease. Other carnivores, such as domestic cats and some species of desert rodents (Cricetulus migratorius, Mesocricetus auratus and Meriones persicus) seem to be playing a role in the maintenance of transmission cycle of L. infantum in the endemic areas of the disease.
内脏利什曼病（VL）是一种重要的寄生虫病，在伊朗不同地区流行；家犬和野生犬科动物是该病的主要储存宿主。本研究的目的是回顾伊朗不同地理区域家犬和野生犬科动物中由婴儿利什曼原虫引起的犬内脏利什曼病（CVL）的空间分布情况。在不同的国际和国内数据库中进行了广泛的文献检索，包括Cochrane、MEDLINE/PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和伊朗Medex，以查找标题中含有“伊朗内脏利什曼病”且副标题中含有“伊朗犬内脏利什曼病”或“伊朗猫内脏利什曼病”或“伊朗内脏利什曼病的偶然储存宿主”的文章，无论研究类型和持续时间如何。从总共36342篇文章中筛选出无关文章后，得到61篇符合条件的文章。超过93%的研究是在家犬（家犬，n = 57）上进行的，其余的是在其他食肉动物上进行的，如野生犬科动物，包括狐狸（赤狐，n = 4）、豺（金豺，n = 6）和狼（灰狼，n = 6）；而对家猫（家猫，n = 3）以及沙漠啮齿动物（n = 2）的研究很少。在伊朗，使用直接凝集试验（DAT）在家犬中报告的婴儿利什曼原虫感染平均率为12.5%。该国西北部地区报告的患病率最高（14%），该地区是VL的流行区。该综述表明，CVL在伊朗各地流行，家犬是该病的主要和潜在储存宿主。其他食肉动物，如家猫和一些沙漠啮齿动物物种（黑线仓鼠、金仓鼠和波斯沙鼠）似乎在该病流行地区婴儿利什曼原虫传播循环的维持中发挥作用。
