Turck M
Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle 98104.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1988 Jul;22 Suppl A:45-62. doi: 10.1093/jac/22.supplement_a.45.
A variety of new beta-lactam antibiotics is in use today. A considerable number of new penicillins have extended spectra which include Pseudomonas and Klebsiella spp. and other important nosocomial organisms. In addition, clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, has been added to some of these compounds to enhance further their spectrum against Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria. The first-, second- and third-generation cephalosporins are described. Second-generation cephalosporins have an extended spectrum, covering Gram-negative organisms. Third-generation compounds have both improved beta-lactamase stability and better Gram-negative cover. Other types of beta-lactam antibiotics have recently been developed, such as imipenem and aztreonam, which also have broad activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
如今有多种新型β-内酰胺类抗生素在使用。相当数量的新型青霉素具有扩展的抗菌谱，包括铜绿假单胞菌和克雷伯菌属以及其他重要的医院感染病原菌。此外，β-内酰胺酶抑制剂克拉维酸已被添加到其中一些化合物中，以进一步增强它们对金黄色葡萄球菌和其他细菌的抗菌谱。第一代、第二代和第三代头孢菌素也有相关描述。第二代头孢菌素具有扩展的抗菌谱，涵盖革兰氏阴性菌。第三代化合物既有更好的β-内酰胺酶稳定性，又有更好的革兰氏阴性菌覆盖范围。最近还开发了其他类型的β-内酰胺类抗生素，如亚胺培南和氨曲南，它们对革兰氏阴性菌也有广泛的活性。
