Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2019 Mar;19(3):154-169. doi: 10.1038/s41577-018-0110-7.
Calcium (Ca) signalling is of paramount importance to immunity. Regulated increases in cytosolic and organellar Ca concentrations in lymphocytes control complex and crucial effector functions such as metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, antibody and cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity. Altered Ca regulation in lymphocytes leads to various autoimmune, inflammatory and immunodeficiency syndromes. Several types of plasma membrane and organellar Ca-permeable channels are functional in T cells. They contribute highly localized spatial and temporal Ca microdomains that are required for achieving functional specificity. While the mechanistic details of these Ca microdomains are only beginning to emerge, it is evident that through crosstalk, synergy and feedback mechanisms, they fine-tune T cell signalling to match complex immune responses. In this article, we review the expression and function of various Ca-permeable channels in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and endolysosomes of T cells and their role in shaping immunity and the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases.
钙（Ca）信号对于免疫至关重要。淋巴细胞中细胞质和细胞器 Ca 浓度的调节增加控制着复杂而关键的效应功能，如代谢、增殖、分化、抗体和细胞因子分泌以及细胞毒性。淋巴细胞中 Ca 调节的改变导致各种自身免疫、炎症和免疫缺陷综合征。几种类型的质膜和细胞器 Ca 渗透性通道在 T 细胞中具有功能。它们有助于形成高度局部化的时空 Ca 微区，这是实现功能特异性所必需的。虽然这些 Ca 微区的机制细节才刚刚开始出现，但显然通过串扰、协同和反馈机制，它们可以微调 T 细胞信号转导以匹配复杂的免疫反应。在本文中，我们综述了 T 细胞质膜、内质网、线粒体和内溶酶体中各种 Ca 渗透性通道的表达和功能及其在塑造免疫和免疫介导疾病发病机制中的作用。
