MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Imaging Research and Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Trends Cell Biol. 2018 Jul;28(7):523-540. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.02.009. Epub 2018 Mar 24.
Interorganellar contacts are increasingly recognized as central to the control of cellular behavior. These contacts, which typically involve a small fraction of the endomembrane surface, are local communication hubs that resemble synapses. We propose the term contactology to denote the analysis of interorganellar contacts. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts with mitochondria were recognized several decades ago; major roles in ion and lipid transfer, signaling, and membrane dynamics have been established, while others continue to emerge. The functional diversity of ER-mitochondrial (ER-mito) contacts is mirrored in their structural heterogeneity, with subspecialization likely supported by multiple, different linker-forming protein structures. The nanoscale size of the contacts has made studying their structure, function, and dynamics difficult. This review focuses on the structure of the ER-mito contacts, methods for studying them, and the roles of contacts in Ca and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling.
细胞器间接触点正逐渐被认为是控制细胞行为的关键。这些接触点通常只涉及一小部分的内膜表面，是类似于突触的局部通讯枢纽。我们提出“contactology”一词来表示细胞器间接触点的分析。几十年来，人们已经认识到内质网（ER）与线粒体之间的接触；已经确定了它们在离子和脂质转移、信号转导和膜动力学方面的主要作用，而其他作用仍在不断涌现。内质网-线粒体（ER-mito）接触点的功能多样性反映在其结构异质性上，可能由多种不同的连接蛋白结构支持其专业化。接触点的纳米级大小使得研究它们的结构、功能和动力学变得困难。这篇综述聚焦于 ER-mito 接触点的结构、研究方法以及接触点在 Ca 和活性氧（ROS）信号转导中的作用。
