Anti-Inflammatory Effects of through the Inhibition of NF-B, MAPK, and Akt Pathways in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages.

is a common flower found in almost all regions of South Korea. In the current study, we investigated the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol extract in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. We analyzed the phytochemicals contained in the extract by GC-MS. GC-MS results showed that the extract contains 9 known compounds. Later on, DPPH assay, WST-1 assay, nitric oxide (NO) assay, Western blot, and RT-PCR were conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract. Our WST-1 assay results revealed that did not affect the viability of all tested cell lines up to a concentration of 200 g/ml; therefore, lower concentrations (50 g/ml and 150 g/ml) were used for further assays. scavenged DPPH and inhibited the production of NO. also reduced significantly the production of inflammation-related enzymes (iNOS, Cox-2) and cytokines (TNF, IL-1, and IL-6) and the gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, further Western blot results indicated that inhibited the expression of p-PI3K, p-IB, p-p65 NF-B, p-ERK1/2, p-SAPK/JNK, and p-Akt. Our results demonstrated that suppressed the expression of the inflammation mediators through the regulation of NF-B, MAPK, and Akt pathways.