Klinkenberg Elisabeth F, Langi Sasongko Praiseldy K B, de Kort Wim L A M, van Weert Julia C M, Fransen Mirjam P, Huis In 't Veld Elisabeth M J
Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Vox Sang. 2019 Feb;114(2):145-153. doi: 10.1111/vox.12748. Epub 2019 Jan 9.
Migrant blood donors are underrepresented worldwide resulting in shortages of compatible blood products. Prior studies focused on individual barriers and motivators of potential blood donors, but no studies addressed organisational factors of the blood supply chain. This study explored the perceptions and experiences in recruitment and retention of migrant - and potentially rare-blood donors among staff members within the blood supply chain and identified obstacles and solutions in this chain.
The study was conducted at Sanquin, the national blood supply organisation of the Netherlands. Qualitative in-depth interviews were done among key staff members (N = 17). Expert validity was assessed in three feedback meetings.
Seven staff members believed there is a shortage of migrant blood donors, while five believed there is not. However, there was a consensus that it may become a problem in the future due to demographic changes. The perceived obstacles to recruit and retain migrant donors were difficulties in determining how many migrant donors are needed and recruiting them, excluding potentially rare donors prior to donation, limited use of extended phenotyping and high blood typing and frozen storage costs. The possible solutions to increase blood pool diversity lay in registering donor ethnicity, specialised information provision for donors, reconsidering eligibility criteria and optimising blood typing strategies.
Whilst recruitment of migrant blood donors is perceived by staff as difficult, various organisational policies and guidelines seem to hinder retention. Improvements in the blood supply chain may be achieved by addressing logistics, current procedures and registration of ethnicity.
在全球范围内，流动献血者的比例较低，导致适配血液制品短缺。先前的研究聚焦于潜在献血者的个人障碍和动机，但尚无研究探讨血液供应链的组织因素。本研究探讨了血液供应链工作人员在招募和留住流动献血者及潜在稀有血型献血者方面的看法和经验，并确定了该供应链中的障碍及解决方案。
本研究在荷兰国家血液供应组织Sanquin开展。对关键工作人员（N = 17）进行了定性深入访谈。在三次反馈会议中评估了专家效度。
七名工作人员认为流动献血者短缺，而五名工作人员认为不存在短缺。然而，大家一致认为，由于人口结构变化，这在未来可能会成为一个问题。招募和留住流动献血者的感知障碍包括难以确定所需流动献血者的数量并进行招募、在献血前排除潜在的稀有血型献血者、扩展表型分析的使用有限以及血型检测和冷冻储存成本高昂。增加血库多样性的可能解决方案在于登记献血者种族、为献血者提供专门信息、重新考虑资格标准以及优化血型检测策略。
虽然工作人员认为招募流动献血者困难，但各种组织政策和指导方针似乎阻碍了留住献血者。通过解决物流、当前程序和种族登记问题，可能会改善血液供应链。
